Map Reading and Interpretation

Give direction by compass points and bearings, locate places with four- and six-figure grid references, and work out real distances and areas from a map's scale.

2

Interpretation of Photographs

Identify the types and parts of photographs, explain why they are useful, and read and relate the physical and human features they show.

3

Internal Landform Processes (Tectonic Processes)

Explain how folding, faulting, warping, vulcanicity and earthquakes build landforms, using the Albertine Rift, Lake Kivu and the Virunga volcanoes, and weigh their effects on people.

4

External Landform Processes

Explain how weathering, erosion and mass wasting wear down the land, with examples from Rwanda's hills and the May 2023 landslides, and how their effects can be controlled.

5

Relief in Rwanda

Describe Rwanda's location, size, divisions and landlocked position, identify its five relief regions, and explain how relief shapes land use.

6

Soils in Rwanda

Explain how soils form and how rock type shapes them, describe Rwanda's main soil types and their uses, and propose ways to control soil erosion.

7

Climate and Climate Change in Rwanda

Describe Rwanda's climatic regions and the factors that control them, explain the causes of climate change, and assess its effects in Rwanda and the country's responses.

8

Vegetation in Rwanda

Identify Rwanda's natural vegetation types and where they grow, explain the factors that control their distribution, and assess their value and the impact of human activities on them.

9

Drainage in Rwanda

Describe Rwanda's rivers, lakes and swamps and the two drainage basins they belong to, explain how the lakes formed, and assess the value of water bodies and the challenges of keeping water clean and sustainable.

10

Environmental Conservation in Rwanda

Define environmental conservation and degradation, identify Rwanda's environmental resources, explain the causes and effects of over-exploiting them, and evaluate the challenges and measures of conservation.

11

Population in Rwanda

Analyse Rwanda's population structure, the distribution and density of its people, the causes and effects of migration, the problems of rapid population growth and how to manage it, and the risks of early sexual activity.

12

Rural and Urban Settlement in Rwanda

Describe the patterns and problems of rural settlements, assess the planned villages (imidugudu), identify the functions of Rwanda's main towns, and analyse the causes, problems and solutions of urban growth.

13

Agricultural Systems in Rwanda

Identify Rwanda's major crops and where they grow, compare traditional and modern crop and livestock farming systems, and evaluate the importance, problems and modernisation of agriculture for sustainable development.

14

Forestry in Rwanda

Define forests and forestry, identify Rwanda's forest types and major forests, explain the causes, effects and control of deforestation, and evaluate how forestry can support sustainable development.

15

Fishing and Fish Farming in Rwanda

Identify Rwanda's main fish types and its fishing and fish-farming areas, explain the factors and methods of fishing, describe how fish are preserved and stocks conserved, and evaluate the importance, problems and solutions of fishing and fish farming.

16

Mining and Quarrying in Rwanda

Identify Rwanda's major minerals, mining areas and quarried rocks, explain the factors and methods of mining and quarrying, and analyse their importance, problems, environmental effects and future prospects.

17

Power and Energy in Rwanda

Distinguish Rwanda's renewable and non-renewable energy resources, read its energy mix, and assess the importance, problems and prospects of power and energy, including how to use energy efficiently.

18

Industry in Rwanda

Classify industries by stage, size, weight and raw material, explain the factors that decide where industries locate and develop in Rwanda, and examine the importance, problems and solutions of industrial development.

19

Transport, Communication and Trade in Rwanda

Compare the types of transport Rwanda uses and the corridors that link it to the sea, describe the means of communication, classify domestic, regional and international trade, name Rwanda's trading partners, and evaluate the importance, problems and solutions of transport, communication and trade.

20

Tourism in Rwanda

Locate Rwanda's main tourist sites, explain the physical and human factors that influence tourism, and evaluate the importance, problems and solutions of tourism for Rwanda's sustainable development.

Units