Indices and Surds

You will use the laws of indices, including zero, negative and fractional indices, to simplify expressions and solve equations. You will write very large and very small numbers in standard form, and simplify, calculate with and rationalise surds.

2

Polynomials

You will classify polynomials, add, subtract, multiply and divide them (including synthetic division), work with composite and inverse functions, use algebraic identities, and factorise polynomials by every S2 method, including the Horner–Ruffini method.

3

Simultaneous Linear Equations

You will recognise systems of two linear equations in two unknowns and the three types of solution, solve them by substitution, comparison, elimination and Cramer's rule, and build and solve systems from real-life situations.

4

Volume of Solids

You will identify the parts of solids and find the volumes of cubes, cuboids, prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and spheres, including composite solids and missing dimensions, in real Rwandan contexts.

5

Thales' Theorem

You will use the midpoint theorem, Thales' theorem in triangles and trapeziums, and its converse to find unknown lengths, prove lines parallel, and solve real problems such as measuring heights from shadows and the width of a river.

6

Pythagoras' Theorem

You will name the sides of a right-angled triangle, prove and apply Pythagoras' theorem and its converse, work with Pythagorean triples, and solve real problems including distances, ladders and the slant heights of pyramids and cones.

7

Vectors

You will use vectors to describe movements and forces: write them as column vectors, add, subtract and scale them, and find their magnitudes, the distance between points and the midpoint of a segment on the Cartesian plane.

8

Parallel and Orthogonal Projections

You will project points, segments and figures onto a line, either parallel to a given direction or at right angles to it, and use what projections keep (midpoints and ratios) and what they change (lengths) to solve problems with shadows, plans and maps.

9

Isometries

You will move shapes by central symmetry, reflection, rotation and translation, find images with coordinates, and use the properties all isometries share (lengths, angles and areas never change) to describe patterns and congruent figures.

10

Statistics with Grouped Data

You will group raw data into classes, build frequency and cumulative frequency tables, estimate the mean, mode and median of grouped data, and draw histograms, frequency polygons and pie charts to draw simple conclusions.

11

Tree Diagrams in Probability

You will find the probability of an event, draw tree diagrams to list and count outcomes, and multiply along and add across branches to find the probabilities of real-life events, including mutually exclusive and independent events.

Units