Resources and Their Usage

What resources are and what they have in common; how they are classified; why a person, a business and Rwanda depend on them; and how an entrepreneur plans, measures and protects resources so that none is wasted.

2

Career Opportunities

What a career, an opportunity and a career opportunity are, and why choosing a career early matters; the fields in which Rwandans work and the routes into them after S3; where to find reliable career information; and the steps to a realistic personal career plan.

3

Customer Care and Business Communication

What customer care is, the levels of customer service and what every customer needs; the principles of good care; what good service earns and poor service costs; how to communicate effectively in person, by phone and in writing; and how to read and write advertisements, notices and simple contracts.

4

Forms of Enterprises

What an enterprise is; how enterprises are classified by size, ownership and activity; how sole traders, partnerships, companies, cooperatives and public enterprises compare on ownership, liability, capital and control; and the part enterprises play in Rwanda’s socio-economic development.

5

Sectors of Production

The three sectors of production in depth: the primary sector’s extractive and genetic industries, the secondary sector’s manufacturing, construction and energy, and the tertiary sector’s services; what each contributes to Rwanda’s output, jobs and exports, using NISR’s 2025 figures; and how the sectors depend on one another as the economy changes.

6

Customs Procedures

What customs is and the types of customs declaration; the roles that customs procedures play in revenue, protection, safety and trade facilitation; the documents needed to declare goods and the steps in clearing them through Rwanda’s Electronic Single Window; and the stakeholders, from clearing agents to regulators, who make cross-border trade work within the East African Community.

7

Developing a Business Idea Using the Business Model Canvas

How a business idea grows from a real customer problem into a solution and a business model; what the Business Model Canvas is and why entrepreneurs use it; the elements of a business plan, with a start-up budget and break-even; and how to build a canvas block by block, worked through for a Rwandan business idea.

8

Effect of Business Activities on the Environment

What the environment is and its natural, built and socio-economic components; how businesses depend on it; the business activities that protect or improve it and those that harm it, with Rwandan examples; and the laws, practices and business choices that reduce harm, from cleaner production and waste treatment to tree planting and Rwanda’s ban on single-use plastics.

9

Ethics in Business

What ethics and business ethics mean and how they differ from the law; the personal, organisational and outside factors that shape ethical behaviour; ethical practice towards customers, suppliers, government, employees, owners and the community; and why ethics pays, set against the costs of unethical behaviour to a business and to society.

10

Certification in Business

What certification, quality control, quality assurance and quality management mean and how they differ; how quality management grew from inspection to systems such as ISO 9001; the types of certification and the marks issued in Rwanda by the Rwanda Standards Board, alongside Rwanda FDA registration; the steps and requirements for certification; and why quality management and certification matter to a business.

Units