Soil

Explain what soil erosion is and how water, wind, gravity and living things carry soil away, identify splash, sheet, rill and gully erosion on a farm, analyse the factors that control how fast a slope erodes, explain the effects of erosion and the causes of soil exhaustion, and choose biological, cultural and mechanical measures to conserve soil on Rwanda's hillsides.

2

Cereals

Identify cereals by their botanical features and the parts of a grain, describe where maize, rice, sorghum and wheat are grown in Rwanda and why they matter, and carry out every stage of growing a cereal crop, from choosing seed and spacing to pest control, harvest, drying and storage.

3

Ornamentals

Explain what ornamental plants are, name and classify the ornamentals grown in Rwanda and explain why they matter, propagate them by seed, cuttings, layering, division, storage organs and budding, and plant, prune and care for hedges, lawns, flower beds and potted plants.

4

Fodder

Explain what fodder crops are and why they matter to Rwanda's zero-grazing livestock, identify fodder grasses, legumes, trees and cereal fodders, propagate fodder grasses by seed, cane cuttings, root splits and runners, and grow, harvest and conserve Guatemala grass, para grass, fodder maize, sorghum, oats and millet.

5

Livestock: Fish and Bees

Identify the fish species farmed in Rwanda and choose the right one for a farm, explain the meaning and importance of beekeeping and the roles of the queen, workers and drones, make and site a beehive, and manage a colony, harvest honey and process honey and beeswax safely.

6

Chicken and Pig Rearing

Describe the standards for a poultry house and a pigsty and how they are built, feed chickens and pigs at each stage with balanced rations, recognise, prevent and control the main parasites and diseases of chickens and pigs, and apply farm sanitation and biosecurity rules.

7

Integrated Livestock-Fish Farming

Explain what integrated livestock-fish farming is, its types and why it pays, choose a site and build an integrated pond with its inlet, outlet and animal house, fertilise the pond and feed fish at the right rate for the pond's size and species, maintain the infrastructure, and protect fish from enemies and diseases through good pond sanitation.

8

Cooperative Farming

Explain what a cooperative is under Rwanda's Law N° 057 of 2024, why farmers join cooperatives and the values they share, describe the types and levels of cooperatives and the seven cooperative principles, and analyse the factors that make a farmers' cooperative succeed or fail.

Units