Units

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Fundamental Principles of the Rwandan State

Know the six principles of Article 10 by their exact wording, explain what each one protects against, show who upholds them and how they reach daily life, and weigh how well they are upheld today.

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The First World War (1914-1918)

Explain why a Balkan crisis became a world war in 1914, follow the war on its main fronts to Germany's surrender, weigh its effects on Europe, Africa and Rwanda, and judge the Treaty of Versailles.

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The Inter-War Period

Judge the League of Nations, explain the causes and impact of the World Economic Depression, and analyse why totalitarian regimes rose in Europe between the wars and how they fell.

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The Second World War (1939-1945)

Explain why war came again in 1939, follow it from Poland to Japan's surrender, weigh its effects on the world and on Ruanda-Urundi, judge the United Nations, and analyse the Cold War that followed.

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The Rise of African Nationalism

Analyse why African nationalism grew after 1945, how Africans used parties, unions, negotiation and armed struggle to win independence from five colonial powers, study Ghana, the Congo and Algeria, and weigh the consequences for nation building.

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Genocide Prevention in Rwanda and Abroad

Define genocide and genocide prevention, trace the practices that lead from social categorisation to denial, recognise the risk factors and early warning signs, and evaluate upstream, mid-stream and downstream prevention in Rwanda and abroad, in the spirit of "never again".

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Neo-Colonialism in Africa

Explain what neo-colonialism is, the forms it takes and why it arose after independence, recognise its indicators, and assess its political, economic and socio-cultural consequences and Africa's responses.

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