Reading Books, Writing Compositions and Examinations
Primary 6 · English
Reading Books, Writing Compositions and Examinations
Lesson 2 of 6
25 min
Let's begin
Keza's teacher holds up a storybook and says, "A good reader reads a story twice. The first time is for the journey. The second time is for the map."
Keza is puzzled. How can a story have a map? By the end of this lesson you will know. You will read a whole story, and then you will find its main idea, its characters, its setting and the order of its events.
The story below is called Magozwe. It is about a boy who lived on the streets of Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya. Parts of it are sad. If any part feels close to your own life, talk to a teacher or another adult you trust.
Listen while you read: hear “Magozwe” read aloud by Darshan Soni (audio from Storybooks Rwanda). Follow the words with your finger as you listen.
Words to know: pavement (the hard path at the side of a street), rival (on the opposing side), tattered (old and torn), daydream (to imagine happy things while awake), reassured (helped someone stop being afraid), catch up (reach the same level as the others).
by Lesley Koyi
In the busy city of Nairobi, far away from a caring life at home, lived a group of homeless boys. They welcomed each day just as it came.
On one morning, the boys were packing their mats after sleeping on cold pavements. To chase away the cold they lit a fire with rubbish.
Among the group of boys was Magozwe. He was the youngest.
When Magozwe’s parents died, he was only five years old. He went to live with his uncle. This man did not care about the child. He did not give Magozwe enough food. He made the boy do a lot of hard work.
If Magozwe complained or questioned, his uncle beat him. When Magozwe asked if he could go to school, his uncle beat him and said, “You’re too stupid to learn anything.”
After three years of this treatment Magozwe ran away from his uncle. He started living on the street.
Street life was difficult and most of the boys struggled daily just to get food. Sometimes they were arrested, sometimes they were beaten. When they were sick, there was no one to help.
The group depended on the little money they got from begging, and from selling plastics and other recycling.
Life was even more difficult because of fights with rival groups who wanted control of parts of the city.
One day while Magozwe was looking through the dustbins, he found an old tattered storybook. He cleaned the dirt from it and put it in his sack.
Every day after that he would take out the book and look at the pictures. He did not know how to read the words.
The pictures told the story of a boy who grew up to be a pilot.
Magozwe would daydream of being a pilot. Sometimes, he imagined that he was the boy in the story.
It was cold and Magozwe was standing on the road begging. A man walked up to him. “Hello, I’m Thomas. I work near here, at a place where you can get something to eat,” said the man.
He pointed to a yellow house with a blue roof. “I hope you will go there to get some food?” he asked.
Magozwe looked at the man, and then at the house. “Maybe,” he said, and walked away.
Over the months that followed, the homeless boys got used to seeing Thomas around. He liked to talk to people, especially people living on the streets.
Thomas listened to the stories of people’s lives. He was serious and patient, never rude or disrespectful. Some of the boys started going to the yellow and blue house to get food at midday.
Magozwe was sitting on the pavement looking at his picture book when Thomas sat down next to him.
“What is the story about?” asked Thomas.
“It’s about a boy who becomes a pilot,” replied Magozwe.
“What’s the boy’s name?” asked Thomas.
“I don’t know, I can’t read,” said Magozwe quietly.
When they met, Magozwe began to tell his own story to Thomas. It was the story of his uncle and why he ran away.
Thomas didn’t talk a lot, and he didn’t tell Magozwe what to do, but he always listened carefully.
Sometimes they would talk while they ate at the house with the blue roof.
Around Magozwe’s tenth birthday, Thomas gave him a new storybook. It was a story about a village boy who grew up to be a famous soccer player.
Thomas read that story to Magozwe many times, until one day he said, “I think it’s time you went to school and learned to read. What do you think?” Thomas explained that he knew of a place where children could stay, and go to school.
Magozwe thought about this new place, and about going to school. What if his uncle was right and he was too stupid to learn anything?
What if they beat him at this new place? He was afraid. “Maybe it is better to stay living on the street,” he thought.
He shared his fears with Thomas. Over time the man reassured the boy that life could be better at the new place.
And so Magozwe moved into a room in a house with a green roof. He shared the room with two other boys.
Altogether there were ten children living at that house. Along with Auntie Cissy and her husband, three dogs, a cat, and an old goat.
Magozwe started school and it was difficult. He had a lot to catch up. Sometimes he wanted to give up.
But he thought about the pilot and the soccer player in the storybooks. Like them, he did not give up.
Magozwe was sitting in the yard at the house with the green roof, reading a storybook from school. Thomas came up and sat next to him.
“What is the story about?” asked Thomas.
“It’s about a boy who becomes a teacher,” replied Magozwe.
“What’s the boy’s name?” asked Thomas.
“His name is Magozwe,” said Magozwe with a smile.
Characters. Magozwe is the main character. Thomas is the patient man who listens and helps. The uncle treats Magozwe cruelly. Auntie Cissy and her husband look after the children in the house with the green roof.
Setting. The city of Nairobi. First the cold streets, then the yellow house with the blue roof where children get food, and at last the house with the green roof where Magozwe lives and goes to school.
Sequence. Time words help you follow the order: When his parents died … After three years … One day … Over the months that followed … Around Magozwe's tenth birthday … Put the big events in order and you have the map.
Main idea. Now squeeze the map into one sentence: A boy living on the street finds hope in a storybook, and with the help of a patient friend he goes to school and learns to read. The main idea is never one small detail, such as the colour of a roof. It covers the whole story.
Some answers are not written in the story. You work them out from clues. This is called inferring.
Worked example
why did Magozwe smile at the end?
Step 1 Find the clues. Near the start he said, "I don't know, I can't read." At the end he reads the boy's name himself.
Step 2 Put the clues together. The boy in the new book has his name, and he becomes a teacher.
Step 3 Answer: He smiled because he could now read, and he could see himself in the story, growing up to be a teacher.
Look, too, at how the story explains WHY people act: To chase away the cold they lit a fire with rubbish. That is a purpose clause, just like the ones in the last lesson.
Tip
Who, where, what, why
After every story, hold up four fingers and answer one question for each: Who is in it? Where does it happen? What happens, in order? Why does it matter? If you can answer all four, you have drawn the map of the story.
Answer from the story, then check yourself.
How old was Magozwe when his parents died?
Answer: five years old. The story says, “When Magozwe’s parents died, he was only five years old.”
What did Magozwe dream of becoming when he looked at his first book?
Answer: a pilot. The pictures told the story of a boy who grew up to be a pilot.
Which word in the story means old and torn?
Answer: tattered, as in “an old tattered storybook”.
Why was Magozwe afraid to go to the new place?
Answer: He feared his uncle was right and he was too stupid to learn, and he feared that people might beat him there. The answer is in the paragraphs that begin “Magozwe thought about this new place”.
Write the main idea of the story in one sentence of your own.
Answer: for example, “With help from a kind friend, a street boy goes to school and learns to read.” Any sentence that covers the whole story, not just one part, is correct.
What you learned today
Sources and credits
Quick check
Who is the main character of the story?
