Tourism and the Environment in Rwanda
Senior 3 · English
Tourism and the Environment in Rwanda
Lesson 5 of 5
25 min
Let's begin
Two writers can describe the same forest and leave you feeling completely different things. One makes you want to whisper; the other makes you want to look away. That feeling is the mood of a text. And behind every text is a writer with an attitude to the subject (admiring, angry, amused), which is its tone. Read three short texts about a forest, then learn to name and prove the mood and tone of any text.
All three texts were written for this lesson.
Text A: Morning on the Canopy Walk
The mist had not yet lifted when we stepped onto the bridge. Below us the forest breathed slowly, a green sea rising and falling with the wind. Somewhere a bird called, three clear notes, and another answered from far away. Nobody spoke. Drops of water slid from the leaves and fell, without a sound, into the green below. When the sun finally touched the tops of the trees, the whole forest seemed to sigh and wake.
Text B: The Hillside after the Fire
Nothing moved on the hillside. Where the trees had stood, black stumps pointed at a grey sky. The ground crunched underfoot, and every step raised a small cloud of ash. A smell of burnt wood hung in the air and clung to our clothes. There were no birds. There was no wind. Only, far down the slope, a thin line of smoke still rose from something that had not finished burning.
Text C: Souvenir
Thank you, kind visitor,
for the bottle you left by the path:
so blue, so shiny!
The monkeys have never seen
anything so modern.
Thank you for the wrapper
in the waterfall's pool.
It dances so prettily,
round and round in the current,
for a hundred years.
Come again soon.
The forest will remember you.
Definition
mood: the feeling that a text creates in the reader, such as calm, fear, sadness or hope. It is sometimes called the atmosphere of a text.
tone: the writer's or speaker's attitude to the subject or the reader, shown through the choice of words, such as admiring, angry, humorous or ironic.
irony: saying the opposite of what you mean, or something different from it, often to criticise or to amuse. Sarcasm is irony that is meant to hurt or mock.
diction: the writer's choice of words.
| Tool | Text A | Text B | Text C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diction | soft words: breathed, slid, sigh, wake | harsh, dead words: black stumps, crunched, ash, burnt | polite words: thank you, kind, prettily, used ironically |
| Imagery | the forest as a breathing "green sea" | stumps "pointed at a grey sky"; smell that "clung to our clothes" | a blue bottle as something "modern"; a wrapper that "dances" |
| Sentences | long, flowing sentences, with one short one: "Nobody spoke." | short, flat sentences: "There were no birds. There was no wind." | short lines, like a polite note |
| Colour and light | green, mist, sun on the treetops | black and grey | "so blue, so shiny" |
| Mood | peaceful, full of wonder | desolate, gloomy | uncomfortable: a laugh that turns into guilt |
| Tone | admiring, reverent | sorrowful, serious | ironic, bitter, accusing |
| Words for mood (how the reader feels) | Words for tone (the writer's attitude) |
|---|---|
| peaceful, calm, joyful, hopeful, tense, frightening, mysterious, gloomy, desolate, melancholy, nostalgic | admiring, affectionate, angry, bitter, critical, humorous, ironic, sarcastic, serious, sympathetic, urgent, nostalgic |
Worked example
Naming and proving the mood of Text B
Worked example
Spotting an ironic tone in Text C
Tip
Mood is the reader; tone is the writer. Ask two different questions: "How do I feel as I read?" (mood) and "How does the writer feel about this subject?" (tone). They are often linked, but not always: a writer with a calm, serious tone can create a frightening mood.
Warning
"What is the Difference Between Tone and Mood?", a literary guide for students from Oregon State University's School of Writing, Literature and Film. Note how the speaker separates the two ideas, then test the difference on Text C.
Practice
Further reading
Sources and credits
Written by Ganzaa.