Imiyoborere Myiza
Senior 3 · Kinyarwanda
Imiyoborere Myiza
Lesson 1 of 3
25 min
Iyo bavuze «imiyoborere», abenshi batekereza abayobozi bakuru b'igihugu. Nyamara imiyoborere iri hose: mu muryango, mu ishuri, muri koperative, mu mudugudu, no mu ihuriro ry'abanyeshuri. Aho hose, abantu bashobora kuyoborwa neza cyangwa nabi. Uyu mwandiko usobanura icyo imiyoborere myiza ari cyo; nyuma yawo uziga kuwuhina.
Umwandiko nsobanuro wanditswe na Ganzaa. Umudugudu uvugwamo ni uw'urugero.
(1) Imiyoborere myiza ni uburyo bwo kuyobora abantu n'umutungo wabo hagamijwe inyungu za bose, hakurikijwe amategeko, mu mucyo, kandi abayoborwa bafite uruhare mu byemezo bibareba. Ntireba abayobozi bakuru gusa: ireba umuntu wese ushinzwe abandi, kuva ku mukuru w'umuryango kugeza ku muyobozi w'igihugu.
(2) Imiyoborere myiza yubakiye ku nkingi esheshatu. Iya mbere ni uruhare rw'abaturage: abayoborwa babazwa ibitekerezo kandi bakagira ijambo mu byemezo. Iya kabiri ni gukorera mu mucyo: ibyemezo n'imikoreshereze y'umutungo bimenyeshwa abo bireba. Iya gatatu ni kubazwa inshingano: umuyobozi asobanura ibyo yakoze n'ibyo atakoze. Iya kane ni kubahiriza amategeko, ku bayobozi no ku bayoborwa kimwe. Iya gatanu ni ubutabera no kutavangura: buri wese ahabwa serivisi atitaye ku isano afitanye n'umuyobozi. Iya gatandatu ni gukemura ibibazo vuba kandi neza.
(3) Reka dufate urugero rw'umudugudu umwe. Umuyobozi wawo wa mbere yafataga ibyemezo wenyine. Abaturage batanze amafaranga yo kugeza amazi mu mudugudu, ariko ntibamenya uko yakoreshejwe, kandi amazi ntiyaboneka. Icyizere kirabura, abaturage ntibongera kwitabira ibikorwa rusange.
(4) Umuyobozi wamusimbuye yahinduye uburyo. Yatangiye guterana n'abaturage buri kwezi, akabagezaho ibibazo n'ibisubizo bishoboka. Hashyizweho akanama k'abaturage gakurikirana umushinga w'amazi, kandi imikoreshereze y'amafaranga imanikwa ku kibaho cy'itangazo. Abaturage bitabiriye umuganda wo gucukura imiyoboro. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, robine ebyiri zari zubatswe mu mudugudu.
(5) Mu Rwanda hari uburyo bwinshi bufasha imiyoborere myiza, nk'imihigo, aho abayobozi biyemeza intego zigaragara bakazazisuzumwaho, inteko z'abaturage, n'umuganda. Hari kandi inzego zirwanya ruswa n'akarengane, nk'Urwego rw'Umuvunyi.
(6) Imiyoborere mibi yo irangwa na ruswa, icyenewabo, kwikubira umutungo rusange n'akarengane. Ingaruka zayo ni ugutakaza icyizere no kudindiza iterambere. Kuyirwanya ni inshingano ya buri wese: kwitabira ibikorwa rusange, kubaza aho bikenewe, no gutanga amakuru ku karengane. Umunyeshuri atangirira mu ishuri: atora abayobozi b'abanyeshuri abareba ubushobozi, kandi akababaza ibyo bamwemereye.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| imiyoborere | uburyo abantu n'umutungo bayoborwamo |
| gukorera mu mucyo | gukora ibintu ku mugaragaro, abo bireba bakamenya ibyemezo n'imikoreshereze y'umutungo |
| kubazwa inshingano | gusobanura ibyo wakoze mu mwanya w'ubuyobozi, ukabyirengera |
| imihigo | intego abayobozi biyemeza imbere y'abaturage n'ubuyobozi, bakazazisuzumwaho |
| ruswa | guhabwa cyangwa gutanga ikintu kugira ngo umuntu akore ibinyuranyije n'amategeko cyangwa abone serivisi atagenewe |
| icyenewabo | guha amahirwe abo mufitanye isano gusa, abandi bakabirengagizwa |
| akarengane | kudahabwa uburenganzira bwawe, cyangwa guhabwa ibitakureba |
| kwikubira | kwitwarira ibyagenewe abantu benshi |
1. Imiyoborere myiza ni iki, ukurikije igika cya 1?
2. Vuga inkingi esheshatu z'imiyoborere myiza.
3. Umuyobozi wa mbere w'umudugudu yayoboraga ate, kandi byagize izihe ngaruka?
4. Vuga ibintu bitatu umuyobozi wa kabiri yahinduye.
5. Ni ibiki biranga imiyoborere mibi?
6. Gusesengura: Ni izihe nkingi z'imiyoborere myiza umuyobozi wa kabiri yakurikije? Tanga ibimenyetso.
7. Gusuzuma: Ese imihigo ishobora gufasha imiyoborere myiza mu ishuri? Tanga urugero.
1. Uburyo bwo kuyobora abantu n'umutungo wabo hagamijwe inyungu za bose, hakurikijwe amategeko, mu mucyo, abayoborwa bafite uruhare mu byemezo.
2. Uruhare rw'abaturage; gukorera mu mucyo; kubazwa inshingano; kubahiriza amategeko; ubutabera no kutavangura; gukemura ibibazo vuba kandi neza.
3. Yafataga ibyemezo wenyine; abaturage ntibamenye uko amafaranga yakoreshejwe, amazi ntiyaboneka, icyizere kirabura, ntibongera kwitabira ibikorwa rusange.
4. Guterana n'abaturage buri kwezi; gushyiraho akanama gakurikirana umushinga; kumanika imikoreshereze y'amafaranga ku kibaho.
5. Ruswa, icyenewabo, kwikubira umutungo rusange n'akarengane.
6. Uruhare rw'abaturage (inama za buri kwezi, akanama, umuganda); gukorera mu mucyo (imikoreshereze y'amafaranga ku kibaho); gukemura ibibazo (amazi yabonetse mu mezi atandatu).
7. Ibisubizo biratandukana. Urugero: yego; abayobozi b'abanyeshuri biyemeje intego (nk'isuku y'ishuri) imbere y'abanyeshuri, bakazazisuzumwaho mu mpera z'igihembwe.
Definition
Guhina umwandiko ni ukuvuga mu magambo make kandi mu magambo yawe ibitekerezo by'ingenzi by'umwandiko, utongeyeho ibitekerezo byawe, kandi utataye icy'ingenzi. Igisubizo cyabyo cyitwa inshamake.
Mu mwaka wa mbere n'uwa kabiri wahinnye imyandiko migufi. Umwandiko nsobanuro nk'uyu usaba uburyo bunoze:
Worked example
Guhina igika cya 4, intambwe ku yindi
Igika (amagambo 41): «Umuyobozi wamusimbuye yahinduye uburyo. Yatangiye guterana n'abaturage buri kwezi... Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, robine ebyiri zari zubatswe mu mudugudu.»
Worked example
Inshamake y'umwandiko wose (amagambo 66)
«Imiyoborere myiza ni ukuyobora abantu n'umutungo mu nyungu za bose, hakurikijwe amategeko, mu mucyo, abaturage bafite uruhare. Yubakiye ku ruhare rw'abaturage, umucyo, kubazwa inshingano, kubahiriza amategeko, ubutabera no gukemura ibibazo vuba. Urugero rw'umudugudu rwerekana ko umuyobozi ukorana n'abaturage mu mucyo agera ku byo yiyemeje, naho uwikubira akabura icyizere. U Rwanda rufite uburyo bwinshi buyishyigikira, ariko kurwanya ruswa n'akarengane ni inshingano ya buri wese, uhereye ku ishuri.»
Reba: ibika bitandatu byabaye interuro enye; nta gitekerezo gishya cyongeweho; ingero zirambuye zavanywemo.
Warning
Amakosa akunze kugaragara mu guhina: kwandukura interuro z'umwandiko uko ziri; kongeramo ibitekerezo byawe («Ndabona ko...»); guhina igika kimwe gusa ukibagirwa ibindi; no kurenza umubare w'amagambo wasabwe.
Practice
Imyitozo
Sobanura: (a) gukorera mu mucyo; (b) icyenewabo; (c) kubazwa inshingano.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya «ruswa» na «icyenewabo»?
Vuga intambwe enye zo guhina umwandiko nsobanuro.
Hina igika cya 6 cy'umwandiko mu nteruro imwe cyangwa ebyiri (amagambo atarenze 30).
Mu ishuri ryanyu, perezida w'abanyeshuri yakusanyije amafaranga y'imikino ariko ntiyigeze avuga uko yakoreshejwe. Ni iyihe nkingi y'imiyoborere myiza yirengagije? Yakosora ate?
Hina umwandiko wose mu magambo atarenze 80, mu magambo yawe bwite.
1. (a) gukora ku mugaragaro, abo bireba bakamenya ibyemezo n'imikoreshereze y'umutungo; (b) guha amahirwe abo mufitanye isano gusa; (c) gusobanura ibyo wakoze mu mwanya w'ubuyobozi ukabyirengera.
2. Ruswa ni uguhana ibintu kugira ngo hakorwe ibinyuranyije n'amategeko; icyenewabo ni uguhitamo abo mufitanye isano, n'iyo nta kintu cyatanzwe.
3. Gusoma wumve; gushaka igitekerezo nyamukuru cya buri gika; gukuramo ibitari ngombwa; kwandika mu magambo yawe uhuza n'ibyungo; kugenzura ingano.
4. Urugero: «Ruswa, icyenewabo n'akarengane bisenya icyizere n'iterambere; buri wese, uhereye ku munyeshuri, afite inshingano yo kubirwanya.»
5. Gukorera mu mucyo no kubazwa inshingano. Yakosora atangaza imikoreshereze y'amafaranga ku kibaho cy'itangazo cyangwa mu nama y'abanyeshuri.
6. Reba inshamake ntangarugero iri mu isomo; iyawe igomba kuba iyanditswe mu magambo yawe.
Sources and credits
Umwandiko «Inkingi z'imiyoborere myiza», imbonerahamwe, ingero, inshamake ntangarugero, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa. Umudugudu uvugwamo ni uw'urugero; uburyo bwavuzwe (imihigo, inteko z'abaturage, umuganda, Urwego rw'Umuvunyi) ni ubwa Leta y'u Rwanda.
Ifoto: Kirwa Primary School Water - L'eau de l'école primaire de Kirwa (4186583137), E. Dusingizumuremyi (SuSanA Secretariat), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
