Kuvuga no Kwandika
Primary 5 · Kinyarwanda
Kuvuga no Kwandika
Lesson 2 of 3
14 min
Let's begin
Umutoni yasabwe kwandika inkuru. Yanditse gutya: “Nagiye ku isoko. Naguze ibitoki. Ndataha.” Interuro eshatu, birangira.
Umwarimu arasoma, aramwenyura ati: “Ibi ni ukuri, ariko ntabwo ari inkuru. Inkuru igira ikibazo, ikagira n'ihinduka.”
Uyu munsi turiga uko wubaka inkuru ngufi ifite intangiriro, umubiri n'umusozo — kandi ikandikwa mu bihe by'inshinga bikwiye.
| Igice | Ibibazo gisubiza |
|---|---|
| Intangiriro | Ni nde? Byabereye he? Ryari? |
| Umubiri | Habaye iki? Ikibazo ni ikihe? Ibintu byakurikiranye bite? |
| Umusozo | Byarangiye bite? Twize iki? |
Umubiri ni wo mugari kurusha ibindi. Intangiriro n'umusozo ni bigufi.
Ntutangire kwandika inkuru uhereye ku ijambo rya mbere. Banza wandike gahunda ngufi. Reka tuyandike hamwe, insanganyamatsiko ari ubunyangamugayo.
Intangiriro: Ishimwe (imyaka 11) na nyina; ku isoko rya Nyabugogo; ku wa gatandatu mu gitondo.
Umubiri: Ishimwe abona agafuka kaguye hasi → karimo 5.000 Frw n'indangamuntu → yifuza umupira → yibuka amagambo ya nyina → bagejeje agafuka ku murinzi w'isoko → nyirako araza ashakisha.
Umusozo: Agafuka gasubijwe nyirako; Mukamana arashimira; Ishimwe yize ko ubunyangamugayo buruta amafaranga.
Dore inkuru yuzuye, yubatswe kuri iyo gahunda:
Agafuka ku isoko
Umunsi umwe wa gatandatu mu gitondo, Ishimwe yajyanye na nyina ku isoko rya Nyabugogo. Bagiye kugura ibitoki n'ibishyimbo.
Nyina yahagaze aganira n'umucuruzi. Muri ako kanya, Ishimwe yabonye agafuka k'umukara kaguye hasi hafi y'imbuto zari zashyizwe ku ntebe.
Ishimwe yafashe agafuka. Yagafunguye. Imbere harimo amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000 Frw) n'indangamuntu.
Umutima we watangiye gutera cyane. Yatekereje ku mupira yari yifuza kuva kera. Yaribwiye ati: “Nta muntu ubibonye.”
Ariko ako kanya yibutse amagambo nyina yakundaga kumubwira: “Ibitari ibyawe ntubifate.”
Ishimwe yahamagaye nyina, aramwereka agafuka. Bombi bagejeje agafuka ku murinzi w'isoko, bamubwira aho bakabonye.
Nyuma y'iminota mike, umugore witwa Mukamana yaje yiruka, ahumeka nabi. Yavuze ati: “Nabuze agafuka kanjye! Muri ko harimo amafaranga y'ubuvuzi bw'umwana wanjye.”
Umurinzi yamusubije agafuka ke. Mukamana yarakakiriye, amarira y'ibyishimo aramuva. Yashimiye Ishimwe cyane. Nyina wa Ishimwe yaramuhobeye, aramubwira ati: “Ndagushimiye, mwana wanjye.”
Kuva icyo gihe, Ishimwe yamenye ko ubunyangamugayo buruta amafaranga yose.
Reba: interuro ya mbere iratubwira ni nde, he, ryari. Interuro ya nyuma itubwira icyo twize. Hagati yazo, ibintu birakurikirana.
Reba inshinga zose zo mu nkuru hejuru: zerekana ko ibintu byabaye, birangiye.
| Shingiro | Igihe kiriho (ubu) | Igihe gishize |
|---|---|---|
| kugenda | aragenda | yagiye |
| kubona | arabona | yabonye |
| gufata | arafata | yafashe |
| kuvuga | aravuga | yavuze |
| kugura | aragura | yaguze |
| gusoma | arasoma | yasomye |
| gushimira | arashimira | yashimiye |
| kwibuka | aribuka | yibutse |
| gutaha | arataha | yatashye |
Utangiye inkuru mu gihe gishize, komeza uko kugeza ku musozo. Reba:
Nabi: “Ejo hashize Ishimwe yagiye ku isoko. Arabona agafuka.” — inshinga ya kabiri yasubiye mu gihe kiriho.
Neza: “Ejo hashize Ishimwe yagiye ku isoko. Yabonye agafuka.” — byombi biri mu gihe gishize.
Ku rwego rwawe, inkuru ngufi ifite hagati y'interuro 10 na 15. Ntisabwa kuba ndende — isabwa kuba isobanutse.
Tip
Umuti w'ibibazo bitatu. Mbere yo kwandika, subiza ibi:
Kandi wibuke: ibyahise → inshinga mu gihe gishize. Utangiye “yagiye”, ntuzagaruke ku “aragenda”.
Shyira izi nshinga mu gihe gishize (uhereye kuri “we”): kugura, kuvuga, kubona, gutaha.
Igisubizo: kugura → yaguze; kuvuga → yavuze; kubona → yabonye; gutaha → yatashye.
Iyi nteruro iri mu gice ki cy'inkuru? “Kuva icyo gihe, Ishimwe yamenye ko ubunyangamugayo buruta amafaranga yose.”
Igisubizo: Ni umusozo. Isubiza ikibazo “Twize iki?”, kandi itangira n'amagambo “Kuva icyo gihe”.
Kosora ibihe by'inshinga: “Ejo hashize Keza yagiye ku ishuri. Arasoma igitabo. Arataha.”
Igisubizo: “Ejo hashize Keza yagiye ku ishuri. Yasomye igitabo. Yatashye.” Inkuru yose igomba kuguma mu gihe gishize.
Andika intangiriro y'inkuru ivuga ku mwana wabuze ihene ye.
Igisubizo (urugero): “Ku wa kane nyuma ya saa sita, Gatete yajyanye ihene ye kurisha ku musozi uri hafi y'urugo. Izuba ryari rikaze, maze yicaye mu gicucu cy'igiti, arasinzira.”
Iyo nkuru, yandike umubiri wayo mu nteruro ebyiri.
Igisubizo (urugero): “Gatete akangutse, yasanze ihene itakiriho. Yayishakishije mu bihuru no mu murima wa nyirasenge, atabaza abaturanyi, kugeza igihe yumviye ihene ivuza inyuma y'urugo.”
Ibyo wize uyu munsi
Isuzume
Huza buri nshinga n'uko yandikwa mu gihe gishize.
Kanda ijambo ibumoso, hanyuma ukande irijyanye na ryo iburyo.
