Gukunda igihugu
Primary 4 · Kinyarwanda
Gukunda igihugu
Lesson 1 of 5
40 min
Let's begin
Tekereza umudugudu wanyu umaze amezi menshi nta mvura igwa. Amazi yarashize, abantu n'amatungo bafite inyota. Mwakora iki kugira ngo mubone amazi?
Uyu munsi urasoma umugani w'inyamaswa zahuye n'icyo kibazo. Uzabona ko igihugu cyubakwa n'abaturage bacyo bose bafatanyije, kandi ko ibyo twubakiye hamwe tugomba kubirinda hamwe.
Umugani gakondo w'Abanyungwe bo muri Mozambike (Mozambique), wahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na Fulgence Ntibatekereza (African Storybook). Ganzaa yawuhinnye gato, inoza imyandikire kandi yongeraho interuro isoza.
Habayeho igihe cy'amapfa. Umwaka wose warashize imvura itagwa. Ibiti biruma, imigezi irakama, n'amazi arashira. Abantu n'inyamaswa batangira kwicwa n'inzara n'inyota.
Intare n'inzovu ni zo zari abayobozi b'inyamaswa. Zicara hamwe, zitekereza kuri icyo kibazo. Intare iravuga iti: “Tugiye kwicwa n'inyota. Nimuze ducukure iriba”. Inzovu irabyemera, ijya kubimenyesha izindi nyamaswa.
Inyamaswa zose zikoranira munsi y'igiti kinini. Intare irazibwira iti: “Bavandimwe, uyu mwaka imvura ntiyaguye, none buri wese arimo kwicwa n'inyota. Reka ducukure iriba, tuzajya tunywaho twese”.
Inyamaswa zose zirabyemera, uretse Bakame. Aravuga ati: “Nge sinshobora gucukura. Amaguru yange ni mato cyane”.
Inyamaswa zifata amasuka, zitangira gucukura. Ziracukura, ziracukura, kugeza zigeze ku mazi meza. Intare irabaza iti: “Bakame ari he? Ko ataje gufatanya natwe?” Inyamaswa zose ziti: “Uwanze gucukura ntazanywa kuri aya mazi”.
Nijoro, Bakame araza ku iriba. Arahamagara ati: “Yewe, wa riba we!” Ntihagira umwitaba. Nuko yinjira mu iriba, anywa amazi, ndetse ayadumbaguzamo, arayanduza.
Bukeye, inyamaswa zisanga amazi y'iriba yahindutse ibyondo. Ziribaza ziti: “Ni nde wakoze ibi?” Imwe muri zo iti: “Ni Bakame! Igihe twacukuraga ntiyari ahari”.
Inyamaswa zishyiraho umurinzi w'iriba: igitera. Nijoro, Bakame araza, arahamagara ati: “Yewe, wa riba we!” Igitera kiramwitaba kiti: “Yego, ndahari”. Bakame agisuhuza neza, aragibwira ati: “Dore nkuzaniye ubuki buryoshye”. Igitera kirya ubuki, maze Bakame anywa amazi atuje. Ariko impyisi yari yihishe hafi aho, ibona byose.
Bukeye, impyisi ibwira izindi nyamaswa ko igitera kemeye ruswa, Bakame akanywa amazi. Nuko zihitamo akanyamasyo ngo kabe umurinzi.
Muri iryo joro, akanyamasyo kaza kare, kihisha hagati y'amabuye, ku buryo kasaga na yo. Bakame araza, arahamagara ati: “Yewe, wa riba we!” Ntihagira umwitaba. Aravuga ati: “Ndi Bakame, nje kunywa amazi!” Akimara kwinjira mu mazi, akanyamasyo kamufata akaguru, ntikamurekura kugeza bukeye.
Mu gitondo, inyamaswa zose ziraza. Intare irabaza iti: “Ni iki twakorera Bakame?” Akanyamasyo kati: “Inzovu imufate, imujugunye ku rutare”. Bakame yihutira kuvuga ati: “Mwibeshya! Bakame ntapfa iyo bamujugunye ku rutare. Bakame apfa iyo bamujugunye mu ivu”.
Intare ibwira inzovu iti: “Mujugunye mu ivu”. Inzovu iterura Bakame, imujugunya mu ivu. Bakame akigwa hasi, ivumbi ryinshi riratumuka, ahantu hose haba umukungugu. Ivumbi rishize, inyamaswa zireba hose, zibura Bakame. Yari yongeye kuzicika!
Intare iravuga iti: “Bakame yaducitse, ariko twize isomo: iriba twacukuye twese, tugomba kuririnda twese”.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| amapfa | igihe kirekire imvura itagwa, ibihingwa bikuma |
| gukama | kubura amazi burundu (umugezi urakama) |
| gucukura | gutoboramo umwobo mu butaka |
| iriba | umwobo bacukura mu butaka kugira ngo babone amazi |
| kudumbaguza amazi | kuyakandagiramo no kuyakubitamo, ukayavanga n'ibyondo |
| umurinzi | ushinzwe kurinda ikintu cyangwa ahantu |
| ruswa | impano umuntu aha undi kugira ngo amukorere ikintu kibi cyangwa kitemewe |
| ivu | ibisigazwa by'inkwi zimaze gushya |
| ivumbi | umukungugu mwinshi utumuka |
Kuki inyamaswa zari zifite inyota?
Igisubizo: Umwaka wose imvura ntiyaguye: imigezi irakama, amazi arashira.
Ni nde utarafatanyije n'abandi gucukura iriba?
Igisubizo: Bakame.
Igitera kemeye iki, maze Bakame akanywa amazi?
Igisubizo: Kemeye ubuki Bakame yakizaniye. Ubwo buki bwari ruswa.
Akanyamasyo kafashe Bakame gute?
Igisubizo: Kihishe hagati y'amabuye. Bakame amaze kwinjira mu mazi, kamufata akaguru.
Bakame yacitse inyamaswa ate? Ibyo bitwereka iki ku miterere ye?
Igisubizo: Yazibeshye ko apfa iyo bamujugunye mu ivu, maze ivumbi rimuhisha, arahunga. Ni umunyabwenge, ariko ubwenge bwe abukoresha nabi.
Iyo uza kuba umurinzi w'iriba, wari kwemera ubuki bwa Bakame? Sobanura.
Igisubizo: Oya. Umurinzi mwiza ntiyakira ruswa, kuko yaba ahemukiye abandi bose bacukuye iriba.
Buri nteruro irangizwa n'akamenyetso. Ako kamenyetso kakwereka ubwoko bw'interuro wanditse.
| Ubwoko bw'interuro | Icyo ikora | Akamenyetso kayisoza | Urugero |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interuro ihamya | ivuga ikintu, itanga amakuru | akabago (.) | Inyamaswa zacukuye iriba. |
| Interuro ibaza | ibaza ikibazo | akabazo (?) | Ni nde wakoze ibi? |
| Interuro itangara | igaragaza gutangara, ibyishimo, ubwoba cyangwa agahinda | agatangaro (!) | Bakame yongeye kuducika! |
| Interuro itegeka | itanga itegeko cyangwa isaba ikintu | akabago (.) | Zana isuka. |
Ikitonderwa: Akabago (.) bakita kandi akadomo. Mu myandikire yemewe y'Ikinyarwanda, interuro itegeka isozwa n'akabago, kimwe n'interuro ihamya. Agatangaro gashyirwa ku musozo w'interuro itangara, no inyuma y'amarangamutima nka “Yewe!” cyangwa “Mbega!”.
Nyuma y'akabago, akabazo cyangwa agatangaro, interuro ikurikiraho itangizwa n'inyuguti nkuru.
Tip
Uko wabyibuka: Soma interuro mu ijwi riranguruye. Ijwi ryawe nirizamuka nk'ubaza, shyiraho akabazo (?). Niba utangaye cyangwa wishimye cyane, shyiraho agatangaro (!). Niba uvuga ikintu gusa cyangwa utegeka, shyiraho akabago (.).
Inkuru ni umwandiko uvuga ibintu byabaye bikurikiranye. Inkuru nziza igira ibice bitatu:
Andika inkuru ngufi (interuro 6 kugeza ku 8) ivuga ku muganda wabereye mu mudugudu wanyu. Koresha nibura interuro imwe ihamya, imwe ibaza, imwe itangara n'imwe itegeka.
Urugero:
Ku wa Gatandatu, abaturage b'umudugudu wacu bateraniye ku isoko. Umuyobozi aravuga ati: “Nimuze dusibure umuferege”. Abagabo bafata amasuka, abagore n'abana batoragura imyanda. Umwana umwe arabaza ati: “Ni nde uzarinda umuferege ngo utazongera kuzura?” Twese tuti: “Tuzawurinda twese”. Mbega umudugudu mwiza twagize!
Shyiraho akamenyetso gakwiye: “Ni nde wanduje iriba__”
Igisubizo: akabazo (?): “Ni nde wanduje iriba?”
Shyiraho akamenyetso gakwiye: “Mbega amazi meza__”
Igisubizo: agatangaro (!): “Mbega amazi meza!”
Shyiraho akamenyetso gakwiye: “Zana isuka ducukure__”
Igisubizo: akabago (.), kuko ari interuro itegeka: “Zana isuka ducukure.”
Iyi nteruro ni iy'ubuhe bwoko? “Inzovu yajugunye Bakame mu ivu.”
Igisubizo: Ni interuro ihamya, kuko ivuga ikintu cyabaye.
Hindura iyi nteruro ihamya uyigire interuro ibaza: “Akanyamasyo kafashe Bakame.”
Igisubizo: “Ni nde wafashe Bakame?” cyangwa “Akanyamasyo kafashe Bakame?”
Ibyo wize uyu munsi
Sources and credits
Umwandiko: Inyamaswa zacukuye iriba, umugani gakondo w'Abanyungwe bo muri Mozambike (Mozambique). Wahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na Fulgence Ntibatekereza; amashusho y'igitabo ni aya João Carlos Brito. Watangajwe na African Storybook (© Little Zebra Books 2015), ku ruhushya CC BY 4.0. Ganzaa yarawuhinnye, inoza imyandikire ikurikije amabwiriza y'imyandikire y'Ikinyarwanda yo mu 2014, kandi yongeraho interuro isoza (adapted by Ganzaa).
Inyigisho z'ururimi, imyitozo yo muri iri somo n'ibibazo by'isuzuma byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Isuzume
Huza buri bwoko bw'interuro n'urugero rwabwo.
Kanda ijambo ibumoso, hanyuma ukande irijyanye na ryo iburyo.
