Human Rights
Senior 3 · English
Human Rights
Lesson 4 of 5
25 min
Let's begin
In the national examination you may be asked to "write a story" that begins or ends with a given sentence, or that has a given title. A narrative composition is more than a list of events: it has a shape, it shows rather than tells, and it means something by the end. Here is a model on this unit's theme, followed by the tools you need to write your own.
The story and its characters are imagined. It is 316 words long, without its title.
The Empty Desk
For two weeks the desk beside mine in Senior 3 stayed empty. Hirwa had never missed a day before; he was the boy who always finished the mathematics homework first and then explained it to the rest of us. Our teacher read his name every morning, and every morning nobody answered.
On Saturday I was walking to my aunt's house when I saw him. He was standing at the brick-making site by the river, with a pile of wet bricks balanced on his head. His uniform had been replaced by a torn T-shirt, and his hands, when he put the bricks down, were grey and cracked.
"Hirwa!" I called. He looked at me as if I had caught him stealing.
"My father is ill," he said quietly. "Someone has to earn money. Don't tell anyone, please. I'm not coming back."
All weekend I argued with myself. He was my friend, and he had asked me to keep his secret. But I kept seeing his cracked hands and the empty desk.
On Monday morning, before I could change my mind, I knocked on the staffroom door and told Madam Mutesi everything. She listened without interrupting. Then she said that I had done the right thing, and that a child's place was in school, not on a building site.
That afternoon she visited Hirwa's family with a local leader. I never learned all the details, but within a week the family was receiving help, and Hirwa was back at the desk beside mine.
He did not speak to me for three days. On the fourth, he pushed his mathematics book across the desk. "Question seven," he said. "You've got it wrong again." Then, very quietly: "Thank you."
I had always thought a right was something written in a book. That week I learned that sometimes it is something you have to stand up and claim for someone else.
| Stage | What it does | In "The Empty Desk" |
|---|---|---|
| Orientation | who, where, when; a hint of the problem | The narrator, Hirwa, Senior 3; the empty desk for two weeks. |
| Complication | the problem appears | Hirwa is found carrying bricks and asks the narrator to keep it secret. |
| Rising tension | a choice or struggle | "All weekend I argued with myself." |
| Climax | the decisive moment | The narrator knocks on the staffroom door and tells the teacher. |
| Resolution | the result | The family receives help; Hirwa returns and, after three days, says thank you. |
| Ending (coda) | what it meant | A right can be something "you have to stand up and claim for someone else". |
| Tool | Example from the story |
|---|---|
| past simple for the main events | I saw him. I knocked on the staffroom door. |
| past continuous for the background | I was walking to my aunt's house when … |
| past perfect for an earlier time | Hirwa had never missed a day before. His uniform had been replaced … |
| time connectors | On Saturday · All weekend · On Monday morning · That afternoon · within a week · On the fourth |
| dialogue, used sparingly | "My father is ill," he said quietly. |
| reported speech, to save space | She said that I had done the right thing … |
| showing, not telling | his hands … were grey and cracked (not "he was suffering") |
| short sentences for impact | "Question seven," he said. |
Definition
narrative composition: a piece of writing that tells a story, real or imagined, in a planned order, usually in the past tense.
narrator: the voice that tells the story. A first-person narrator says "I"; a third-person narrator says "he", "she" or "they".
coda: a short ending that steps back from the events and says what they meant to the narrator.
Worked example
Showing, not telling
Telling: Hirwa was working very hard and was unhappy.
Worked example
Punctuating dialogue
Tip
Plan in five lines before you write. One line each for the orientation, the complication, the climax, the resolution and the ending. Five minutes of planning saves the story from running out of time before its climax.
Warning
Write a narrative composition of 250 to 300 words on one of the following.
Checklist
Practice
Sources and credits
Written by Ganzaa.