Uburezi n'Uburere
Senior 3 · Kinyarwanda
Uburezi n'Uburere
Lesson 3 of 4
25 min
Inkuru ngufi uyisoma wenyine: umwanditsi ni we ukubwira ibyabaye. Ikinamico yo ntikubwira: irakwereka. Abakinnyi bahagarara imbere yawe, bakavuga, bakarakara, bakishima, maze ukibonera ubwawe uko ikibazo kivuka n'uko gikemuka. Ni yo mpamvu ikinamico ari bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwigisha: ibyo umuntu yiboneye ntabyibagirwa vuba.
Soma iyi kinamico y'ibice bitatu, ivuga umunyeshuri ugomba guhitamo hagati y'inama y'inshuti n'inama ya mwarimu.
Ikinamico yanditswe na Ganzaa. Abakinnyi bayo ni abo gutekerezwa.
Abakinnyi: GAKWAYA, umunyeshuri w'umwaka wa gatatu w'amashuri yisumbuye (imyaka 15); MUKAMANA, nyina; UWERA, mwarimu we w'Ikinyarwanda; KALISA, inshuti ya Gakwaya yavuye mu ishuri.
Mu nzu iwabo wa Gakwaya, nimugoroba. Mukamana arimo gutonora ibishyimbo. Gakwaya yinjira yishimye, afite inoti mu ntoki.
GAKWAYA (ayerekana nyina): Mama, reba! Uyu munsi nakoreye Kalisa muri gare, nkorera amafaranga igihumbi na magana atanu mu masaha atatu gusa!
MUKAMANA (ahagarika akazi): Mu masaha atatu y'ishuri? Uyu munsi ntiwagiye kwiga?
GAKWAYA: Mama, ishuri rintwara igihe kinini. Kalisa yararivuyemo, none ubu yitunze. Ndashaka kujya gukorana na we burundu.
MUKAMANA (arahaguruka, ababaye): Mwana wanjye, Kalisa afite imyaka cumi n'itandatu, kandi azagumya kugurisha amakarita yo guhamagara kugeza ryari? Ejo hazaza hawe ntihagurwa igihumbi na magana atanu.
GAKWAYA (arakaye): Wowe ntabwo ubyumva! Ndagiye.
Gakwaya asohoka akinga urugi cyane. Mukamana yicara, yifashe ku itama.
Ku ishuri, bukeye, nyuma y'amasomo. Mwarimu Uwera yicaye mu ishuri arimo gukosora amakaye. Gakwaya yinjira buhoro, umutwe wubitse.
UWERA (aramwenyura): Gakwaya! Mama wawe yampamagaye ejo nimugoroba. Icara, tuganire.
GAKWAYA (yicara): Mwarimu, sinshaka kubabaza mama. Ariko ndashaka amafaranga.
UWERA: Ni byiza kwifuza amafaranga. Reka nkubaze: ni nde muri mwe wacunga neza iduka rinini: uzi gusoma amasezerano no kubara inyungu, cyangwa utabizi?
GAKWAYA (atekereza): Uzi kubara... birumvikana.
UWERA (amuha ikaye): Iyi ni inkuru wanditse mu gihembwe gishize. Yari iya mbere mu ishuri. Ufite ubwenge, Gakwaya. Hasigaye amezi atandatu gusa ngo ukore ikizamini cya Leta. Ntutere ibuye mu rugo rwawe bwite.
GAKWAYA (acecetse umwanya, hanyuma ati): Amezi atandatu... Ndabyemeye, mwarimu. Nzagerageza.
Muri gare, nyuma y'umwaka umwe. Kalisa yicaye ku ntebe nto, afite agasanduku k'amakarita yo guhamagara. Gakwaya aje yambaye imyenda y'ishuri rishya.
KALISA (aratangara): Gakwaya! Wabuze he? Nagutegereje igihe kirekire!
GAKWAYA (amuhobera): Natsinze ikizamini cya Leta, Kalisa. Ubu niga mu mwaka wa kane, ishami ry'ibaruramari.
KALISA (amanura amaso): Ndakwishimiye... Nifuza gusubira kwiga. Ariko ndibaza niba bigishoboka.
GAKWAYA (amufata ku rutugu): Birashoboka. Ejo tuzajyana kwa mwarimu Uwera. Inama yampaye nzayikugezaho.
Bombi basohoka baganira. Itara rirazima.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| gare | ahantu imodoka zitwara abagenzi zihagarara, abagenzi bakazurira |
| gutonora | gukura ibishyimbo, amashaza n'ibindi mu bishishwa byabyo |
| burundu | iteka ryose, nta kugaruka |
| amasezerano | ibyo abantu biyemeje gukorerana, akenshi byanditse |
| inyungu | amafaranga asigara iyo ukuyemo ayo wakoresheje |
| gutera ibuye mu rugo rwawe | imvugo: kwigirira nabi ubwawe |
| ibaruramari | ubumenyi bwo kubika no kubara neza imari n'amafaranga |
1. Kuki Gakwaya yashakaga kuva mu ishuri?
2. Nyina yamusubije iki, kandi Gakwaya yabyakiriye ate?
3. Ni ikihe kibazo mwarimu Uwera yabajije Gakwaya, kandi cyari kigamije iki?
4. Ikinamico yagaragaje ite ko Gakwaya yemeye inama?
5. Gusesengura: Gereranya uko Kalisa ameze mu gice cya mbere (ukurikije uko Gakwaya amuvuga) n'uko ameze mu gice cya gatatu.
6. Gusesengura: Kuki mwarimu Uwera yatsinze aho nyina yari ananiwe? Garagaza itandukaniro ry'uburyo bombi bakoresheje.
1. Yari yabonye amafaranga muri gare, akumva ko ishuri rimutwara igihe, kandi akabona Kalisa yitunze.
2. Nyina yamubwiye ko ejo hazaza he hatagurwa amafaranga make. Gakwaya yararakaye, asohoka akinga urugi cyane.
3. Yamubajije uwacunga neza iduka rinini: uzi kubara n'usoma amasezerano, cyangwa utabizi. Byari ukumwereka ko kwiga bizamufasha kubona amafaranga menshi nyuma.
4. Mu gice cya gatatu, yatsinze ikizamini cya Leta kandi yiga mu mwaka wa kane.
5. Mu gice cya mbere, Kalisa agaragara nk'urugero rw'umuntu watsinze, «yitunze». Mu gice cya gatatu, aracyari ku ntebe nto muri gare, kandi yicuza ko yavuye mu ishuri.
6. Nyina yavuze ingaruka mbi, Gakwaya ararakara. Mwarimu yemeye icyifuzo cye (amafaranga), amubaza ikibazo cyamuteye gutekereza, kandi amwereka ubushobozi bwe (inkuru ye ya mbere). Inama yatanzwe yubaha uyihabwa yakirwa neza.
Definition
Ikinamico ni igihangano cy'ubuvanganzo cyandikwa mu buryo bw'ibiganiro by'abakinnyi, kigenewe gukinwa imbere y'abarebyi cyangwa kuri radiyo. Abakinnyi ni bo bavuga inkuru n'ibikorwa byabo; nta mubarankuru ubyivugira.
Amabwiriza y'umwanditsi ni amagambo ari mu dukubo cyangwa mu nyuguti ziteye ukundi, asobanura aho ibintu bibera, uko abakinnyi bitwara n'ibyiyumviro byabo. Ntavugwa n'abakinnyi.
| Ingingo | Inkuru ngufi | Ikinamico |
|---|---|---|
| Uvuga inkuru | umubarankuru | abakinnyi ubwabo |
| Imiterere | ibika by'inyandiko isanzwe | ibiganiro n'amabwiriza y'umwanditsi |
| Uko igera ku bantu | irasomwa | irakinwa, ikarebwa cyangwa ikumvwa |
| Ibyiyumviro | umwanditsi arabisobanura | bigaragazwa n'ijwi n'ibimenyetso |
Igishushanyo: Uko ikinamico yandikwa, ku gice cy'«Inama ya mwarimu», cyashushanyijwe na Ganzaa. Amabwiriza y'umwanditsi yanditse mu nyuguti ziteye ukundi, kandi ntavugwa n'abakinnyi.
Worked example
Guhindura inkuru ikinamico
Inkuru: «Nyina yamubajije impamvu atagiye ku ishuri. Gakwaya ararakara, avuga ko nyina atabyumva, arasohoka.»
Ikinamico:
MUKAMANA (ahagarika akazi): Uyu munsi ntiwagiye kwiga?
GAKWAYA (arakaye): Wowe ntabwo ubyumva! Ndagiye.
Asohoka akinga urugi cyane.
Icyakozwe: amagambo y'umubarankuru («yamubajije», «ararakara») yahindutse amagambo y'abakinnyi ubwabo n'amabwiriza y'umwanditsi.
Worked example
Gusesengura amabwiriza y'umwanditsi
Mu gice cya kabiri: «Gakwaya yinjira buhoro, umutwe wubitse.» Ayo mabwiriza abwira umukinnyi iki?
Igisubizo: Gakwaya agomba kugenda gahoro, areba hasi. Ibyo bigaragaza ko afite isoni cyangwa ubwoba nyuma yo kurakarira nyina, nubwo atabivuga. Amabwiriza y'umwanditsi rero yerekana ibyiyumviro abarebyi bazabona batabibwiwe.
| Ikigenderwaho | Byakozwe neza | Bikeneye kunozwa |
|---|---|---|
| Ubutumwa | isomo rirumvikana mu bikorwa | isomo rivugwa gusa mu magambo |
| Ijwi | riranguruye, risobanutse, rihinduka n'ibyiyumviro | ntiryumvikana, rihora rimwe |
| Ibimenyetso by'umubiri | bihuye n'amagambo | abakinnyi bahagaze nk'ibiti |
| Gufata mu mutwe | nta gusoma ku rupapuro | barasoma |
Warning
Mu kwandika ikinamico, ntugashyire amabwiriza y'umwanditsi mu magambo y'abakinnyi: «GAKWAYA: Ndarakaye ubu, nkinze urugi.» si byo. Andika: «GAKWAYA (arakaye): Ndagiye.» Kandi ntukandike ibisobanuro birebire by'umubarankuru hagati y'ibiganiro.
Practice
Imyitozo
Ikinamico ni iki?
Vuga uturango dutatu tw'ikinamico, utange urugero rwa buri kamwe muri «Inama ya mwarimu».
Kuki iyi kinamico igabanyijemo ibice bitatu?
Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'ikinamico n'inkuru ngufi?
Hindura iyi nkuru ikinamico: «Kalisa abonye Gakwaya, aratangara, amubaza aho yari yarabuze. Gakwaya amubwira ko yatsinze.»
Guhanga: andika ikinamico y'igice kimwe, ifite abakinnyi batatu, ku nsanganyamatsiko «Kwemera inama». Mukine mu matsinda.
1. Igihangano cyandikwa mu buryo bw'ibiganiro by'abakinnyi, kigenewe gukinwa imbere y'abarebyi cyangwa kuri radiyo.
2. Urugero: urutonde rw'abakinnyi (Gakwaya, Mukamana, Uwera, Kalisa); ibiganiro (izina imbere y'amagambo); amabwiriza y'umwanditsi («arakaye»); ibice (iwabo, ku ishuri, muri gare).
3. Kubera ko ahantu n'igihe bihinduka: iwabo nimugoroba, ku ishuri bukeye, muri gare nyuma y'umwaka.
4. Mu nkuru ngufi, umubarankuru ni we ubara inkuru; mu kinamico, abakinnyi ni bo bayivuga mu biganiro, kandi igenewe gukinwa.
5. KALISA (aratangara): Gakwaya! Wabuze he? / GAKWAYA (yishimye): Natsinze ikizamini cya Leta!
6. Igisubizo ntangarugero (cyanditswe na Ganzaa):
Abakinnyi: ISHIMWE (imyaka 14); MUSAZA WE, GISA (imyaka 19); NYINA.
Mu cyumba, saa yine z'ijoro. Ishimwe aryamye, areba amashusho kuri telefoni. Ikaye ye ifunze iruhande rwe.
GISA (yinjira): Ishimwe, ejo si bwo ukora isuzuma ry'imibare?
ISHIMWE (atareba): Yego, ariko ndabizi byose.
GISA (yicara iruhande rwe): Ibyo nigeze kubivuga ndi mu mwaka wa gatatu. Natsinzwe iryo suzuma; mama arambabarira, ariko sinigeze nibabarira. Reka dusubiremo imyitozo itatu gusa.
ISHIMWE (ashyira telefoni hasi, asuhuza umutima): Itatu gusa?
GISA (aramwenyura): Itatu gusa.
Bombi bafungura ikaye. Nyina anyura ku rugi, arabareba, aramwenyura, akinga buhoro. Itara rirazima.
Reba: urutonde rw'abakinnyi, amabwiriza y'umwanditsi, amakimbirane (telefoni n'isuzuma), n'umusozo werekana ko inama yemewe.
Sources and credits
Ikinamico «Inama ya mwarimu» n'ikinamico ntangarugero, imbonerahamwe, ingero, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa.
Igishushanyo «Uko ikinamico yandikwa» (SVG): Written by Ganzaa.
