Itumanaho n'Ikoranabuhanga
Senior 1 · Kinyarwanda
Itumanaho n'Ikoranabuhanga
Lesson 1 of 3
25 min
Let's begin
Ni kangahe ukoresha telefoni ku munsi? Wenda uyikoresha uhamagara ababyeyi, wohereza ubutumwa, cyangwa ureba amakuru. Mu myaka mike ishize, ibyo byose byasabaga ingendo n'iminsi myinshi.
Muri iri somo urasoma umwandiko ku ruhare rw'ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere ry'u Rwanda. Uziga utwatuzo tw'ibanze, kandi wongere kujya impaka, noneho wibanda ku kunyomoza ibitekerezo by'abandi.
Byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Mu myaka mike ishize, ubuzima bw'Abanyarwanda bwahindutse cyane kubera ikoranabuhanga. Ikoranabuhanga ni ugukoresha ubumenyi n'ibikoresho bigezweho, nka telefoni igendanwa, mudasobwa na murandasi, kugira ngo imirimo yoroshye kandi ikorwe vuba.
Ikoranabuhanga ryoroheje itumanaho. Kera, kugira ngo umuntu amenyeshe undi inkuru, yoherezaga intumwa cyangwa ibaruwa yashoboraga kumara iminsi myinshi mu nzira. Uyu munsi, ubutumwa bugufi, guhamagara kuri telefoni n'imbuga nkoranyambaga bituma amakuru agera ku wo agenewe mu kanya gato, aho yaba ari hose ku isi.
Ryahinduye kandi uburyo bwo kwishyura no gucuruza. Umuhinzi ashobora kohererezwa amafaranga kuri telefoni, akishyura umuriro n'amazi atavuye mu rugo. Abacuruzi bakira amafaranga y'abakiriya batabanje gukora ku noti.
Mu buyobozi, serivisi nyinshi, nko gusaba impapuro z'irangamimerere cyangwa kwiyandikisha ku kizamini cy'uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga, zisigaye zisabirwa kuri murandasi, ku rubuga rwa Irembo. Umuturage ntagikora ingendo ndende buri gihe ajya ku biro by'akarere.
Mu buvuzi, kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, u Rwanda rwatangiye gukoresha indege nto zitagira umupilote, zizwi nka drones, mu kugeza amaraso n'imiti ku bitaro biri kure. Ibyo byafashije kurokora ubuzima bw'abarwayi benshi.
Mu burezi, abanyeshuri bifashisha mudasobwa na murandasi mu gushakisha amakuru, kwiga indimi no gukora imikoro. Ibyumba by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu mashuri bituma umwana wo mu cyaro yiga ibyo umwana wo i Kigali yiga.
Nyamara ikoranabuhanga rifite n'ingaruka mbi iyo rikoreshejwe nabi. Hari abamara amasaha menshi kuri telefoni bakibagirwa amasomo n'imirimo. Hari n'abakwirakwiza ibihuha, abatukana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, n'abajura biba abandi bakoresheje murandasi. Ni yo mpamvu buri wese akwiye kurikoresha mu bushishozi: kurinda ijambo ry'ibanga rye, kutoherereza abo atazi amafoto cyangwa amakuru bwite, no kugenzura ukuri kw'amakuru mbere yo kuyasangiza abandi.
Ikoranabuhanga ni igikoresho kiza. Riteza imbere urikoresha neza, rikangiza urikoresha nabi. Guhitamo ni ukwawe.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| ikoranabuhanga | gukoresha ubumenyi n'ibikoresho bigezweho kugira ngo imirimo yoroshye |
| itumanaho | guhanahana amakuru n'ubutumwa hagati y'abantu |
| murandasi | urusobe ruhuza mudasobwa na telefoni byo ku isi yose (interineti) |
| imbuga nkoranyambaga | imbuga zo kuri murandasi abantu bahuriraho bakaganira, bagasangira amafoto n'amakuru |
| intumwa | umuntu wohererezwa undi kumugezaho ubutumwa |
| irangamimerere | ibyanditse bigaragaza ivuka, ishyingirwa n'ibindi mu buzima bw'umuntu |
| ibihuha | amakuru y'ibinyoma cyangwa atagenzuwe akwirakwizwa |
| ijambo ry'ibanga | ijambo cyangwa imibare y'ibanga ifungura telefoni, konti cyangwa urubuga |
| ubushishozi | gutekereza neza mbere yo gufata umwanzuro |
| gusangiza | guha abandi ku kintu ufite, nk'amakuru cyangwa ifoto |
Ikoranabuhanga ni iki, ukurikije umwandiko?
Igisubizo: Ni ugukoresha ubumenyi n'ibikoresho bigezweho (telefoni, mudasobwa, murandasi) kugira ngo imirimo yoroshye kandi ikorwe vuba.
Kera amakuru yageraga ku bandi ate? None ubu bigenda bite?
Igisubizo: Kera hakoreshwaga intumwa cyangwa amabaruwa yamaraga iminsi mu nzira. Ubu ubutumwa bugufi, telefoni n'imbuga nkoranyambaga bituma amakuru agera ku wo agenewe mu kanya gato.
Vuga serivisi imwe y'ubuyobozi isabirwa ku rubuga rwa Irembo.
Igisubizo: Gusaba impapuro z'irangamimerere, cyangwa kwiyandikisha ku kizamini cy'uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Indege nto zitagira umupilote zifasha ubuvuzi zite?
Igisubizo: Zigeza amaraso n'imiti ku bitaro biri kure, bigafasha kurokora abarwayi.
Vuga ingaruka ebyiri mbi z'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshejwe nabi.
Igisubizo: Kumara amasaha menshi kuri telefoni ukibagirwa amasomo; ibihuha; gutukana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga; ubujura bukoresha murandasi.
"Riteza imbere urikoresha neza, rikangiza urikoresha nabi." Sobanura iyi nteruro utange urugero.
Igisubizo: Ikoranabuhanga ubwaryo si ribi cyangwa ryiza; biterwa n'urikoresha. Urugero: umunyeshuri ukoresha murandasi ashakisha amakuru y'isomo ariga, naho uyimaraho amasaha akina imikino agatsindwa.
Utwatuzo ni utumenyetso dushyirwa mu nyandiko kugira ngo tugaragaze aho usoma ahagarara, uko ijwi rigenda, n'uko ibitekerezo bitandukana. Iyo utwatuzo tubuze cyangwa dushyizwe nabi, usoma ntiyumva neza icyo umwanditsi yashakaga kuvuga.
| Akatuzo | Izina | Icyo gakoreshwa | Urugero |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | akabago (akadomo) | gasoza interuro isanzwe ivuga ikintu | Ikoranabuhanga ryoroheje itumanaho. |
| , | akitso | gatandukanya ibintu biri ku rutonde; gakurikira izina ry'uwo duhamagara; kerekana akaruhuko gato | Telefoni, mudasobwa na murandasi. Keza, ngwino urebe. |
| ; | akabago n'akitso | gatandukanya ibice bibiri by'interuro byuzuzanya | Ikoranabuhanga rifite akamaro kanini; rikoreshejwe nabi, ryangiza byinshi. |
| : | utubago tubiri | tubanziriza urutonde, ibisobanuro cyangwa amagambo y'undi | Ryakoreshejwe mu nzego eshatu: ubuvuzi, uburezi n'ubucuruzi. |
| ? | akabazo | gasoza interuro ibaza | Ufite telefoni? |
| ! | agatangaro | gasoza interuro igaragaza gutangara, ibyishimo, ubwoba cyangwa itegeko | Mbega indege nto itangaje! |
Shyiraho utwatuzo n'inyuguti nkuru aho bikwiye: mugisha yabajije keza ati ufite telefoni
Igisubizo: Mugisha yabajije Keza ati: "Ufite telefoni?"
Tip
Uko wabyibuka: soma interuro yawe mu ijwi riranguruye. Aho uhagarara gato, shyira akitso; aho uhagarara burundu, shyira akabago. Ijwi riduga ku iherezo ni akabazo; ijwi rirangurura cyane ni agatangaro.
Shyiraho utwatuzo dukwiye: "Mbega ukuntu murandasi yihuta"
Igisubizo: "Mbega ukuntu murandasi yihuta!" Interuro igaragaza gutangara isozwa n'agatangaro.
Shyiraho akitso aho gakwiye: "Twaguze telefoni mudasobwa n'icapiro."
Igisubizo: "Twaguze telefoni, mudasobwa n'icapiro." (Nta kitso imbere ya "n'".)
Shyiraho utubago tubiri: "Umwarimu yatubwiye amategeko atatu rinda ijambo ry'ibanga, genzura amakuru, wubahe abandi."
Igisubizo: "Umwarimu yatubwiye amategeko atatu: rinda ijambo ry'ibanga, genzura amakuru, wubahe abandi."
Kuki muri "Ikoranabuhanga rifite akamaro kanini; rikoreshejwe nabi, ryangiza byinshi" ijambo "rikoreshejwe" ritangizwa n'inyuguti nto?
Igisubizo: Kuko akabago n'akitso bidasoza interuro; inyuguti nkuru ikurikira akabago, akabazo cyangwa agatangaro.
Mu mutwe wa kane wize uko impaka ziteguwe n'abazigiramo uruhare. Ubu wibande ku kunyomoza: gusubiza ingingo y'itsinda mutavuga rumwe, werekana aho idafite ishingiro, ukoresheje ikinyabupfura.
Insanganyamatsiko y'impaka: "Abanyeshuri bakwiye kwemererwa kuzana telefoni zigendanwa ku ishuri."
Ibyo wize
Sources and credits
Umwandiko "Ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere", inyigisho z'utwatuzo tw'ibanze n'iz'impaka byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Ifoto: Zipline Drone Rain Recovery.jpg, yafashwe na Roksenhorn, iri kuri Wikimedia Commons ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
Imyitozo yo muri iri somo n'ibibazo by'isuzuma byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Iri somo rikoresha ibikoresho biri ku ruhushya CC BY-SA, bityo na ryo risangizwa ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
