Kubana Neza n'Abandi
Senior 2 · Kinyarwanda
Kubana Neza n'Abandi
Lesson 1 of 4
25 min
Let's begin
Mu Kinyarwanda baravuga ngo: "Ineza uyisanga imbere." Bisobanura ko ineza ugiriye undi izakugarukira umunsi umwe. Uyu mugani ugaragaza ubupfura, ari wo muco w'umuntu wubaha abandi, uvugisha ukuri, ugira impuhwe kandi ukirinda amahane.
Tekereza: abantu utazi bakugezeho bahunze ibiza, bafite ubwoba n'inzara. Wabakira ute? Muri iri somo urasoma inkuru y'abaturage bo mu kibaya cya Bugarama bahuye n'icyo kibazo, hanyuma wige uko ubutinde bw'inyajwi buhindura imivugire y'amagambo.
Inkuru ya Baudouin Habingabwa, yatangajwe na African Storybook. Ganzaa yakosoye imyandikire kandi yongeramo interuro imwe ihuza igice cya nyuma.
Umunsi umwe, mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe haguye imvura y'amahindu. Habaye umwuzure ukomeye: inyamaswa zimwe zirapfa, izindi zirahunga.
Izahunze zaraye zigenda ijoro ryose, bucya zigeze mu kibaya cya Bugarama. Zihashinze amajanja, abaturage baho bazikubise amaso, barahuruza bati: "Twatewe! Nimudutabare!"
Abantu bose, abagabo, abagore n'abana, bahururana intwaro zitandukanye ngo barwanye izo nyamaswa.
Intare, umwami w'ishyamba, ibibonye ibwira izindi nyamaswa iti: "Muramenye, ntihagire umuntu n'umwe musagarira!" Nuko inyamaswa ziratuza.
Intare ibwira abantu iti: "Nimuhumure, ntitwaje kubatera. Twatunguwe n'umwuzure, turahunga. Nimuduhumurize, ni cyo tubasaba."
Abo inyamaswa zari zisanze barazicanira, zirasusuruka; baziha amakoti, zirifubika. Abantu bati: "Ubwo mudashaka amahane, murakaza neza, murisanga!"
Izavunitse barazunga, izakomeretse barazomora, ndetse barazifungurira, zirijuta.
Umwuzure umaze gushira, inyamaswa zisubira mu ishyamba, abaturage baziherekeza.
Abantu binjiye mu ishyamba basanga ririmo zahabu itarigeze icukurwa. Baratangira, barayicukura, baratunda sinakubwira.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| imvura y'amahindu | imvura nyinshi kandi ikaze |
| umwuzure | amazi menshi arenga inkombe z'imigezi akarengera ubutaka n'ibiriho |
| gushinga amajanja | kugera ahantu ukahahagarara (bivugwa ku nyamaswa) |
| kuzikubita amaso | kuzibona bitunguranye |
| guhuruza | gutabaza, guhamagara abandi ngo baze gufasha |
| gusagarira | gushotora umuntu cyangwa kumutera nta mpamvu |
| guhumura | gushira ubwoba ("Humura!" bisobanura "Ntugire ubwoba!") |
| gususuruka | kumva ubushyuhe nyuma yo kugira imbeho |
| kwifubika | kwiyorosa umwenda cyangwa ikoti kugira ngo wirinde imbeho |
| kunga | gusubiza igufwa ryavunitse mu mwanya waryo |
| komora | kuvura igikomere |
| kwijuta | kurya ugahaga |
| gutunda | kwikorera ibintu byinshi ubijyana ahandi |
| sinakubwira | imvugo yerekana ko ibintu byabaye byinshi ku buryo bitavugwa |
Ni iki cyatumye inyamaswa zihunga ishyamba rya Nyungwe?
Igisubizo: Imvura nyinshi yateje umwuzure ukomeye; zimwe zirapfa, izindi zirahunga.
Abaturage ba Bugarama babanje gukora iki babonye inyamaswa?
Igisubizo: Barahuruje, bitwaza intwaro ngo bazirwanye, kuko bibwiraga ko batewe.
Intare yakoze iki kugira ngo amahane adaturika?
Igisubizo: Yabujije izindi nyamaswa gusagarira abantu, isobanurira abaturage ko zihunze umwuzure, zitaje kubatera, maze ibasaba kuzihumuriza.
Vuga ibikorwa bine by'ineza abaturage bakoreye inyamaswa.
Igisubizo: Barazicaniye, baziha amakoti, bunga izavunitse, bomora izakomeretse, kandi barazigaburira.
Abaturage bungutse iki kubera ineza yabo?
Igisubizo: Baherekeje inyamaswa mu ishyamba, basangamo zahabu, barakungahara.
Ni izihe ndangagaciro z'ubupfura intare yagaragaje?
Igisubizo: Yubashye abayakiriye, ivuga ukuri ku mpamvu yazanye, yirinda amahane kandi isaba ubufasha mu kinyabupfura.
Muri iki gihe, Nyungwe ni pariki y'igihugu irinzwe n'amategeko. Ese gucukura zahabu muri iryo shyamba byakwemerwa? Sobanura.
Igisubizo: Oya. Pariki irinzwe kugira ngo ibimera n'inyamaswa byayo bibungabungwe. Iyi nkuru ni umugani ugamije kwigisha ko ineza igarukira uwayigize; si inkuru yabayeho koko.
Soma izi nteruro zombi mu ijwi riranguruye: "Umwana arimo gutaka cyane." na "Twaguze indabo zo gutaka icyumba k'ibirori." Ijambo gutaka ryandikwa kimwe muri zombi, ariko ntirivugwa kimwe. Mu nteruro ya mbere risobanura gusakuza cyangwa kurira cyane; mu ya kabiri risobanura kurimbisha. Itandukaniro riri ku butinde bw'inyajwi a yo mu mugemo ta.
Ubutinde ni igihe inyajwi imara ivugwa. Ukurikije ubutinde, inyajwi z'Ikinyarwanda ziri mu moko abiri:
Mu nyandiko zisanzwe (amabaruwa, ibinyamakuru, ibitabo by'inkuru) ntitwandika ubutinde: twandika amazi, umwana, gutaka. Inyajwi ebyiri zikurikiranye zemewe mu nyandiko isanzwe mu mimerere mike gusa, nko mu ijambo saa (saa tatu) cyangwa mu marangamutima nka "Yooo!". Ubutinde bugaragazwa mu nyandiko zigenewe kwiga imivugire gusa.
| Inyandiko isanzwe | Inyandiko igaragaza ubutinde | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|---|
| amazi | amaazi | icyo tunywa, dukaraba kandi dutekesha |
| umwana | umwaana | umuntu ukiri muto |
| gutaka | gutaka | gusakuza, kurira cyane |
| gutaka | gutaaka | kurimbisha |
Iyo uvuze inyajwi itinda nk'aho ibanguka, cyangwa ibinyuranye, ushobora kuvuga irindi jambo utashakaga, cyangwa ukavuga Ikinyarwanda kidasobanutse. Ni yo mpamvu iyo usoma mu ijwi riranguruye ugomba kwita ku nyito y'interuro: ni yo ikwereka ijambo iryo ari ryo, bityo ukarivuga neza.
Tip
Uko wabyibuka: inyajwi imwe (a) = ibanguka; inyajwi ebyiri (aa) = itinda. Iyo ijambo ryanditse kimwe rishobora kuvugwa mu buryo bubiri, ibaze uti: "Muri iyi nteruro rivuga iki?" Inyito ni yo igufasha kurivuga neza.
"Ababyeyi bateguye indabo zo gutaka urugo mbere y'ubukwe." Ijambo "gutaka" risobanura iki muri iyi nteruro? Inyajwi a yo mu mugemo ta irabanguka cyangwa iratinda?
Igisubizo: Risobanura kurimbisha. Inyajwi iratinda: gutaaka.
Andika ijambo "umwana" mu nyandiko igaragaza ubutinde.
Igisubizo: umwaana.
Keza yandikiye inshuti ye ibaruwa, yandika ati: "Nanyoye amaazi menshi." Yakoze irihe kosa?
Igisubizo: Mu nyandiko isanzwe ubutinde ntibwandikwa. Yagombaga kwandika "amazi".
Kuki abaturage ba Bugarama bahinduye imyitwarire?
Igisubizo: Kuko intare yabujije inyamaswa gusagarira abantu, ikabasobanurira ko zihunze umwuzure. Bamaze kumenya ukuri, ubwoba burashira, bazakira neza.
Andika igika k'interuro esheshatu kugeza ku munani kivuga igihe wowe cyangwa undi muntu yagiriye neza umuntu utari umuzi. Koresha nibura amagambo abiri yo mu nyunguramagambo (urugero: guhumura, gusagarira, kwijuta), hanyuma usoze n'isomo wakuyemo.
Urugero:
Mu biruhuko bishize, umwana w'umuturanyi wacu yaguye ku igare arakomereka ku ivi. Abandi bana baramusekaga, ariko mukuru wacu Mugisha aramwegera, aramuhumuriza ati: "Humura, nta cyo uba." Yamujyanye mu rugo, amwoza igikomere n'amazi meza, hanyuma amuherekeza ku kigo nderabuzima kugira ngo bamwomore. Nyuma y'icyumweru, uwo mwana yazanye na nyina kudushimira. Uwo munsi nize ko ubupfura bugaragarira no mu bikorwa bito. Koko, ineza uyisanga imbere.
Ibyo wize
Sources and credits
Umwandiko: Ineza Uyisanga Imbere, wanditswe na Baudouin Habingabwa, ushushanywa na Marleen Visser, Rob Owen na Wiehan de Jager. Watangajwe na African Storybook (© African Storybook Initiative 2017), ku ruhushya CC BY 4.0. Ganzaa yawutunganyije: yakosoye imyandikire n'utwatuzo, kandi yongeramo interuro imwe ihuza igice cya nyuma.
Ifoto: Nyungwe canopy walk.jpg, yafashwe na Laeliza23, iri kuri Wikimedia Commons ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
Inyigisho z'ubutinde bw'inyajwi n'urugero rw'igika byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Imyitozo yo muri iri somo n'ibibazo by'isuzuma byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Iri somo rikoresha ibikoresho biri ku ruhushya CC BY-SA, bityo na ryo risangizwa ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
