Kubana Neza n'Abandi
Senior 2 · Kinyarwanda
Kubana Neza n'Abandi
Lesson 4 of 4
25 min
Let's begin
Kubana neza n'abandi ni no kudaheza: kwemera ko buri wese, harimo n'umuntu ufite ubumuga, afite uburenganzira n'ubushobozi bwo kwiga, gukora no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'igihugu.
Inkuru ikurikira ivuga umukobwa wavukanye ubumuga, ariko abaturanyi be bakamuba hafi. Nyuma yayo uziga amasaku, ari yo atuma ijwi rizamuka cyangwa rimanuka iyo tuvuga.
Inkuru ya Daniel Tuyisenge, yatangajwe na African Storybook. Ganzaa yakosoye imyandikire.
Amina yavukanye ubumuga bw'amaguru. Yisanze ari imfubyi, atangira kwitabwaho na mukuru we.
Mukuru we amaze gushyingirwa, Amina asigara yitabwaho n'umuturanyi wabo, Rukundo.
Kubera ubumuga n'ubukene, Amina yatangiye ishuri afite imyaka cumi n'itatu, ubwo undi muturanyi, Mugiraneza, yiyemezaga kumurihira amashuri.
Mugiraneza yamujyanye mu ishuri ry'abana bafite ubumuga ry'i Gatagara. Amina yize ashyizeho umwete, arangiza amashuri abanza afite amanota amwemerera kujya mu mashuri yisumbuye.
Amashuri yisumbuye yayize i Rwamagana, ayarangiza ari uwa mbere, arusha n'abanyeshuri badafite ubumuga.
Yahise yemererwa kwiga muri kaminuza, mu ishami ry'uburezi budaheza. Yize ashyizeho umwete, arangiza afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza.
Nyuma yaho, yabonye akazi mu muryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bantu bafite ubumuga.
Yakoranye umurava, maze na we ashinga ikigo kita ku bafite ubumuga, akita "Ikizere k'ejo hazaza".
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| imfubyi | umwana wapfushije ababyeyi |
| gushyingirwa | gushaka umugabo, kujya kubaka urugo rwe |
| kurihira | kwishyurira undi amafaranga |
| gushyiraho umwete | gukorana ishyaka n'imbaraga nyinshi |
| uburezi budaheza | uburezi bwakira abana bose, harimo n'abafite ubumuga |
| impamyabumenyi | urupapuro rwemeza ko umuntu yarangije amasomo runaka |
| umuryango mpuzamahanga | ishyirahamwe rikorera mu bihugu byinshi |
| umurava | ishyaka ryo gukora neza kandi utarambirwa |
| gushinga | gutangiza ikigo, ishyirahamwe cyangwa ikindi gikorwa |
Ni ba nde bitaye kuri Amina akiri muto?
Igisubizo: Mukuru we, hanyuma umuturanyi wabo Rukundo.
Kuki Amina yatinze gutangira ishuri?
Igisubizo: Kubera ubumuga n'ubukene.
Mugiraneza yagize uruhe ruhare mu buzima bwa Amina?
Igisubizo: Yamurihiye amashuri, amujyana mu ishuri ry'abana bafite ubumuga ry'i Gatagara.
Ni iki kigaragaza ko Amina yari umunyeshuri w'umuhanga?
Igisubizo: Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye ari uwa mbere, arusha n'abadafite ubumuga, maze akomeza kaminuza.
Amina yakoze iki kugira ngo na we afashe abandi?
Igisubizo: Yashinze ikigo kita ku bafite ubumuga.
"Ubumuga si ubushobozi buke." Sobanura iyi mvugo wifashishije inkuru.
Igisubizo: Amina yari afite ubumuga bw'amaguru, ariko yagize ubushobozi bwo kwiga kugeza muri kaminuza no gukorera abandi. Icyo yari akeneye ni amahirwe n'ubufasha, si impuhwe zonyine.
Ishuri ryanyu ryakora iki kugira ngo ribe iridaheza?
Igisubizo (ingero): kubaka inzira zinyurwamo n'abagendera mu tugare; kwicaza imbere abatabona neza cyangwa abatumva neza; kwandika ku kibaho mu nyuguti nini; gushyira buri wese mu mikino imukwiriye.
Iyo tuvuga ijambo, ijwi ntirigumana urugero rumwe: ku nyajwi zimwe rirazamuka, ku zindi rikamanuka. Isaku ni uko kuzamuka cyangwa kumanuka kw'ijwi ku nyajwi. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rw'amasaku: iyo uvuze ijambo ukoresheje isaku ritari iryaryo, ushobora kuvuga irindi jambo, cyangwa ukavuga nabi.
Ingero z'isaku nyejuru ku nyajwi ibanguka: inkâ (itungo), umugorê, indâ (agasimba kaba mu musatsi cyangwa mu myenda).
Inyajwi itinda yandikwa n'inyajwi ebyiri, bityo buri nyajwi ikagira isaku ryayo. Havuka amoko ane:
| Ubwoko | Uko bwandikwa | Uko ijwi rigenda |
|---|---|---|
| isaku nyesi nyesi | aa | riguma hasi |
| isaku nyesi nyejuru | aâ | rirazamuka |
| isaku nyejuru nyesi | âa | riramanuka: amâazi, umwâana |
| isaku nyejuru nyejuru | ââ | riguma hejuru |
Amagambo amwe yandikwa kimwe mu nyandiko isanzwe, ariko imivugire yayo (isaku cyangwa ubutinde) igatandukana, bityo n'inyito zayo zigatandukana:
Nk'uko biri ku butinde, mu nyandiko isanzwe amasaku ntiyandikwa: interuro ni yo ikwereka ijambo iryo ari ryo. Uzabyiga byimbitse mu mutwe wa gatandatu, ku mpuzashusho.
Tip
Uko wabyumva: vuga ijambo buhoro, ukome mu mashyi kuri buri mugemo, maze witondere aho ijwi rizamukira. Ubutinde bureba igihe inyajwi imara; isaku rireba aho ijwi rijya: hejuru cyangwa hasi.
Isaku nyejuru rigaragazwa n'akahe kamenyetso mu nyandiko y'amasaku?
Igisubizo: Akagofero (^) hejuru y'inyajwi.
Mu ijambo amâazi, inyajwi itinda ni iyihe, kandi ifite irihe saku?
Igisubizo: Ni aa yo mu mugemo wa kabiri; ifite isaku nyejuru nyesi (ijwi riramanuka).
Tandukanya ubutinde n'isaku.
Igisubizo: Ubutinde ni igihe inyajwi imara ivugwa (ibanguka cyangwa itinda). Isaku ni uko ijwi rizamuka cyangwa rimanuka ku nyajwi (nyesi cyangwa nyejuru).
"Umucuruzi yishyuye imyenda yose yari afite." Ijambo "imyenda" risobanura iki hano?
Igisubizo: Amadeni. Interuro ("yishyuye") ni yo ibigaragaza.
1. Soma mu ijwi riranguruye ibika bitatu bya nyuma by'umwandiko, wita ku mivugire nyayo y'amagambo no guhagarara ku twatuzo.
2. Mu matsinda ya bane, mungurane ibitekerezo kuri iki kibazo: "Ishuri ryacu ryakora iki kugira ngo umunyeshuri ufite ubumuga yige neza nk'abandi?" Buri wese atange igitekerezo kimwe n'impamvu yacyo; umwe mu itsinda yandike ibitekerezo, undi abigeze ku ishuri ryose.
Ibyo wize
Sources and credits
Umwandiko: Ubuzima Bwa Amina Wavukanye Ubumuga, wanditswe na Daniel Tuyisenge, ushushanywa na Brandan Reynolds, Jesse Breytenbach, Magriet Brink, Melany Pietersen, Venolin Keanan Govender na Vusi Malindi. Watangajwe na African Storybook (© African Storybook Initiative 2017), ku ruhushya CC BY 4.0. Ganzaa yawutunganyije: yakosoye imyandikire, ikoresha imvugo "abafite ubumuga", kandi isimbuza "impamyabushobozi" ijambo "impamyabumenyi".
Inyigisho z'amasaku byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Imyitozo yo muri iri somo n'ibibazo by'isuzuma byanditswe na Ganzaa.
