Imikino n'Imyidagaduro
Senior 2 · Kinyarwanda
Imikino n'Imyidagaduro
Lesson 3 of 4
25 min
Let's begin
Imikino ikomeza umubiri, igatoza ubufatanye, kwihangana no kubahiriza amategeko. Ariko igira n'isomo rikomeye: kumenya gutsinda utirata, no gutsindwa utarakara.
Iyi nkuru y'umugani ivuga inshuti ebyiri zakinnye umupira w'amaguru, ariko umukino ukarangira nabi. Nyuma yayo uziga ikomoranshinga: uko inshinga imwe ibyara izindi.
Inkuru ya Winny Asara, yahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na Emmanuel Sibomana, yatangajwe na African Storybook. Ganzaa yakosoye imyandikire.
Nkoko na Magurijana bari inshuti, ariko bahoraga barushanwa. Umunsi umwe, biyemeza gukina umupira w'amaguru ngo barebe urusha undi.
Bajya ku kibuga, batangira gukina. Nkoko yakinaga yihuta, ariko Magurijana akamurusha umuvuduko. Nkoko yateraga umupira ukagera kure, ariko Magurijana akawutera kure kurushaho. Nkoko atangira kurakara.
Noneho biyemeza gutera penariti. Buri wese agomba gutera penariti eshanu. Magurijana ni we wabanje mu izamu, maze Nkoko atsinda igitego kimwe gusa. Hanyuma Nkoko na we ajya mu izamu.
Magurijana atera umupira n'ikirenge, atsinda igitego. Atera penariti eshanu, azinjiza zose uko ari eshanu.
Nkoko agira umujinya kubera ko yatsinzwe, kandi yatsinzwe bikomeye. Magurijana atangira guseka, kubera uwo mujinya w'inshuti ye.
Nkoko ararakara cyane, ku buryo ahita abumbura umunwa, amira Magurijana.
Nkoko ari mu nzira ataha, ahura na nyina wa Magurijana. Nyina wa Magurijana aramubaza ati: "Waba wabonye umwana wange?" Nkoko ntiyasubiza. Nyina wa Magurijana atangira kugira impungenge.
Hanyuma yumva akajwi gato kavuga kati: "Mama, ntabara!" Areba hirya no hino, arushaho gutega amatwi. Yumva ako kajwi guturuka mu nda ya Nkoko.
Nyina wa Magurijana arasakuza ati: "Koresha ubushobozi bwawe budasanzwe, mwana wange!" Magurijana yashoboraga gusohora umunuko ukabije. Abikoze, Nkoko atangira kumererwa nabi.
Nkoko agira iseseme. Amira amacandwe, araciragura, aritsamura, arakorora. Magurijana yari yamubihiye mu nda.
Nkoko akomeza gukorora, kugeza ubwo aruka Magurijana wari umaze kugera mu gifu ke. Nyina wa Magurijana n'umwana we bahita burira igiti, bajya kwihisha.
Kuva icyo gihe, Nkoko na Magurijana babaye abanzi.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| Nkoko | izina ry'inkoko mu mugani |
| Magurijana | izina ry'agakoko gafite amaguru menshi cyane ("amaguru ijana") |
| kurushanwa | guhatana ngo harebwe urusha undi |
| penariti | umupira utewe ahateganye n'izamu, umuzamu wenyine ari we ugerageza kuwukumira |
| izamu | aho umupira winjizwa kugira ngo habe igitego |
| umujinya | uburakari bwinshi |
| impungenge | guhangayika, kugira ubwoba ko hari ikibi cyabaye |
| ntabara | mfasha, nkiza (bivuye ku nshinga "gutabara") |
| kubiha | gusohora umunuko |
| iseseme | kumva ushaka kuruka |
| gucira | gusohora amacandwe mu kanwa |
| kwitsamura | gusohora umwuka mu mazuru utunguwe |
| kurira igiti | kuzamuka mu giti |
Kuki Nkoko na Magurijana biyemeje gukina umupira?
Igisubizo: Bahoraga barushanwa; bashakaga kureba urusha undi.
Buri wese yinjije penariti zingahe?
Igisubizo: Nkoko yinjije imwe; Magurijana yinjije eshanu zose.
Nkoko yakoze iki amaze gutsindwa?
Igisubizo: Yararakaye, amira Magurijana.
Magurijana yavuye ate mu nda ya Nkoko?
Igisubizo: Nyina yamubwiye gukoresha ubushobozi bwe bwo kubiha; Nkoko agira iseseme, arakorora, aruka Magurijana.
Iyi nkuru isobanura iki?
Igisubizo: Ni umugani usobanura impamvu inkoko na magurijana ari abanzi kuva kera.
Ni nde wakosheje: Nkoko wamize mugenzi we, cyangwa Magurijana wasetse mugenzi we amaze gutsindwa? Sobanura.
Igisubizo: Bombi bakosheje. Nkoko yakoze urugomo kubera kutakira gutsindwa, kandi ni ryo kosa rikomeye kurusha irindi. Magurijana na we yasetse uwatsinzwe aho kumuhumuriza. Umukinnyi w'intangarugero atsinda yicisha bugufi, agatsindwa abyemera.
Mu nkuru twasomye harimo inshinga nka kurushanwa, gutsindwa na kwinjiza. Zose zikomoka ku zindi nshinga: kurusha, gutsinda na kwinjira. Zabonetse hongewe umugereka hagati y'umuzi n'umusozo w'inshinga.
Ikomoranshinga mvanshinga ni ukurema inshinga nshya uhereye ku yindi nshinga, wongera umugereka ku muzi wayo. Inshinga nshya igumana inyito y'ibanze, ariko ikongeraho igisobanuro gishya.
| Umugereka | Icyo wongeraho | Ingero |
|---|---|---|
| -ir- / -er- | gukorera undi, ahantu, cyangwa ku mpamvu runaka | gukina → gukinira (Mutoni akinira ikipe y'ishuri); gukora → gukorera |
| -ish- / -esh- | gutuma undi akora, cyangwa gukoresha igikoresho | gukina → gukinisha (umutoza akinisha abana); gukora → gukoresha |
| -y- | gutuma ikintu kiba | kwinjira → kwinjiza (r + y → z); kurakara → kurakaza |
| -an- | gukorerana: abantu babiri cyangwa benshi | gukina → gukinana; kurusha → kurushanwa (-an- + -w-) |
| -w- | gukorerwa igikorwa | gutsinda → gutsindwa; gukina → gukinwa (umukino ukinwa n'abakinnyi makumyabiri na babiri) |
| -ik- | igikorwa gishoboka | gutsinda → gutsindika (iyi kipe iratsindika) |
Iyo umuzi urimo inyajwi i, u cyangwa a, umugereka ufata i: gukina → gukinira, gukinisha; guhinga → guhingira. Iyo umuzi urimo e cyangwa o, umugereka ufata e: gutera → guterera; gukora → gukorera, gukoresha.
Inshinga imwe ishobora kwakira imigereka myinshi: gukina → gukinisha → gukinishwa (-ish- + -w-); kurusha → kurushanwa (-an- + -w-).
Tip
Uko wabimenya: mbere yo kuvuga icyo inshinga nshya isobanura, shaka umuzi wayo: gu-kin-ir-a. Ibiri hagati y'umuzi n'umusozo -a ni imigereka.
Tandukanya umuzi n'umugereka: gutsindwa, gukinana, gukorera.
Igisubizo: gu-tsind-w-a (umugereka -w-); gu-kin-an-a (-an-); gu-kor-er-a (-er-).
Uzuza ukoresheje inshinga ikomoka kuri "gukina": "Umutoza ___ abana buri wa gatandatu."
Igisubizo: akinisha.
Kuki tuvuga "gukorera" aho kuvuga "gukorira"?
Igisubizo: Kuko umuzi "kor" urimo inyajwi o, bityo umugereka ufata e.
Andika inshinga ebyiri zikomoka kuri "gutera".
Igisubizo (ingero): guterwa, guterana, guterera.
Tegura ijambo ry'iminota ibiri rifite umutwe: "Umukinnyi mwiza yitwara ate iyo atsinzwe?" Ifashishe inkuru ya Nkoko na Magurijana n'ibyo uzi ku mikino yo ku ishuri. Koresha nibura inshinga eshatu zifite imigereka (urugero: gutsindwa, gukinana, kwihanganira), hanyuma urivugire imbere y'ishuri.
Ibyo wize
Sources and credits
Umwandiko: Nkoko na Magurijana, wanditswe na Winny Asara, uhindurwa mu Kinyarwanda na Emmanuel Sibomana, ushushanywa na Magriet Brink. Watangajwe na African Storybook (© African Storybook Initiative 2014), ku ruhushya CC BY 4.0. Ganzaa yawutunganyije: yakosoye imyandikire n'imiterere ya zimwe mu nteruro.
Ifoto: Gentle Pursuer.jpg, yafashwe na Hirwadanny, iri kuri Wikimedia Commons ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
Inyigisho z'ikomoranshinga byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Imyitozo yo muri iri somo n'ibibazo by'isuzuma byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Iri somo rikoresha ibikoresho biri ku ruhushya CC BY-SA, bityo na ryo risangizwa ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
