Ubuzima
Senior 2 · Kinyarwanda
Ubuzima
Lesson 3 of 4
25 min
Let's begin
Nyuma y'imikino, umubiri ukenera amazi n'ifunguro ryuzuye kugira ngo wongere kugira imbaraga. Iyi nkuru isekeje ivuga umukobwa wirukanse cyane ku ishuri, wageze mu rugo ashonje, maze agafasha nyina guteka isupu... mu buryo bwe bwite.
Uzasesengura ibiribwa biri mu isupu, hanyuma wige impuzashusho n'ingwizanyito.
Inkuru ya Osu Library Fund, yahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na Jean Paul Harelimana, yatangajwe na African Storybook. Ganzaa yakosoye imyandikire n'amazina y'abanyarubuga.
Mutoni ni umukobwa muto wiruka nk'umuyaga. Akunda guseka, kandi akorana umurava imirimo yose ahawe.
Uwo munsi wari umunsi wa siporo ku ishuri. Mutoni yakinnye umupira w'amaguru, kandi asiganwa mu byiciro bitatu.
Nyuma y'amasomo, yatahanye n'inshuti ye Hawa. Hawa aramubwira ati: "Mutoni, ni wowe wa mbere mu kwiruka mu kigo cyose!"
Mutoni ageze mu rugo, asanga nyina mu gikoni. Aramusuhuza ati: "Mwiriwe, mama!" Nyina aramusubiza ati: "Mwiriwe, mwana wa. Umeze ute?"
Mutoni amubwira ko bagize umunsi wa siporo, kandi ko yarushije abandi. Arongera ati: "Ndumva nshyushye, kandi ndashonje cyane."
Nyina aramubwira yisekera ati: "Mwana wange, wavukanye impano! Isupu irashya mu kanya gato, ihangane."
Nyina afata isafuriya, ashyiramo amavuta, ayitereka ku muriro. Akaranga ibitunguru na tungurusumu, arabigaragura birashya. Ashyiramo pavuro n'inyanya, yongeramo amazi, hanyuma ashyiramo n'inyama esheshatu zitogosheje.
Nyina asaba Mutoni kumufasha kuvanga isupu, Mutoni arabyemera.
Mutoni avanga isupu, aravuga ati: "Iyi supu irahumura neza! Irasa n'iryoshye!"
Akomeza kuvanga, arongera ati: "Iyi supu irahumura neza pe!"
Avanga ubwa gatatu, ariyamira ati: "Iyi supu irahumura neza cyane!"
Mutoni yitegereza nyina. Nyina ntiyari amwitayeho, kuko yari ahugiye mu gukata imboga zo kongera mu isupu.
Mutoni afata inyama imwe, arayirya. Aravuga ati: "Mmm..."
Mutoni yongera kureba nyina, asanga atamwitayeho: yari ahugiye mu gukata intoryo zo gushyira mu isupu.
Mutoni afata inyama ya kabiri, na yo arayirya. Araryoherwa ati: "Mmm... mmm...!"
Mutoni yihuta, afata inyama ya gatatu, na yo arayirya, maze aravuga ati: "Mmm... mmm... mmm...!"
Nyina agaruka ku nkono afite imboga yari amaze gukata. Mutoni yari agifashe umwiko.
Nyina araseka, aramubwira ati: "Urakoze kumfasha guteka, mwana wange." Mutoni abura icyo avuga.
Nyina ashyira mu isupu imboga zose yari akase, asaba Mutoni umwiko, atangira kuvanga.
Nyina yitegereza mu nkono, abona isupu itogota. Yibuka inyama esheshatu yashyizemo, atangira kuzibara: "Imwe... ebyiri... eshatu..." Yasanzemo inyama eshatu gusa. Nyina araceceka, na Mutoni araceceka.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| kwiruka nk'umuyaga | kwiruka cyane |
| isafuriya | inkono y'icyuma bateguriramo ibiryo |
| gukaranga | guteka ikintu mu mavuta ashyushye |
| kugaragura | guhindukiza ibiri mu nkono kugira ngo bishye kimwe |
| tungurusumu | ikirungo gisa n'igitunguru gito, gihumura cyane |
| pavuro | imboga imeze nk'urusenda runini, itaryana |
| intoryo | imboga z'utubuto duto dutekwa mu isupu cyangwa mu isosi |
| kwiyamira | kuvuga ijwi riranguruye kubera gutangara |
| guhugira | kwibanda ku kintu kimwe ku buryo utabona ibindi |
| umwiko | igiti cyo kuvanga ibiryo biri ku ziko |
| gutogota | kubira: amazi ashyushye cyane azamura utubumbe |
Ni iki cyatumye Mutoni agera mu rugo ashonje cyane?
Igisubizo: Yari yakinnye umupira kandi asiganwa mu byiciro bitatu ku munsi wa siporo.
Vuga ibintu bitanu nyina yashyize mu isupu.
Igisubizo: Amavuta, ibitunguru, tungurusumu, pavuro, inyanya, amazi, inyama, imboga n'intoryo.
Mutoni yariye inyama zingahe, kandi hasigaye zingahe?
Igisubizo: Yariye eshatu; hasigaye eshatu.
Ni iki gisekeje muri iyi nkuru?
Igisubizo: Mutoni asa n'ufasha nyina, ariko ararya inyama rwihishwa; asubiramo ngo "irahumura neza" nk'uwiyibagiza; ku iherezo nyina abara inyama, bombi bakaceceka.
Shyira ibiri mu isupu mu moko atatu y'ibiribwa. Ni iki cyakongerwa kugira ngo ifunguro ryuzure?
Igisubizo: Ibyubaka umubiri: inyama. Ibirinda indwara: inyanya, pavuro, intoryo, ibitunguru, tungurusumu n'imboga. Ibitera imbaraga: amavuta (make). Hakongerwaho ibitera imbaraga bihagije, nk'umuceri, ubugari cyangwa ibirayi, n'amazi yo kunywa nyuma y'imikino.
Mutoni yari akwiye kubigenza ate?
Igisubizo: Kubwira nyina ko ashonje cyane, akamusaba icyo afata mbere y'uko isupu ishya (urugero: imbuto cyangwa igikoma), aho kurya inyama rwihishwa.
Impuzashusho ni amagambo yandikwa kimwe mu nyandiko isanzwe, ariko akavugwa mu buryo butandukanye (ubutinde cyangwa amasaku bigatandukana), kandi akagira inyito zitandukanye.
| Ijambo | Inyito ya mbere | Inyito ya kabiri |
|---|---|---|
| inda | igice cy'umubiri kirimo igifu | agasimba kaba mu musatsi cyangwa mu myenda |
| imyenda | imyambaro | amadeni |
| inkoko | itungo ritera amagi | igikoresho cyo kugosora imyaka |
| ikiraro | inzira yubatswe hejuru y'umugezi ngo abantu bambuke | inzu y'amatungo |
| gutaka | gusakuza, kurira cyane | kurimbisha (gutaaka) |
Ibuka amasomo y'ubutinde n'amasaku mu mutwe wa kane: ni byo bitandukanya impuzashusho iyo tuzivuga.
Ingwizanyito ni ijambo rimwe rifite inyito nyinshi zifitanye isano. Akenshi haba inyito y'ibanze, izindi zikayikomokaho mu buryo bw'ingereranyo.
| Ijambo | Inyito zaryo |
|---|---|
| umuriro | 1. ibirimo gushya bitanga ubushyuhe n'urumuri (Nyina yateretse isafuriya ku muriro). 2. ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri bw'umurwayi (Umwana afite umuriro). 3. amashanyarazi (Umuriro wabuze). |
| umutwe | 1. igice cy'umubiri kiriho amaso n'ubwonko. 2. izina ry'umwandiko cyangwa igice k'igitabo (umutwe w'inkuru). 3. uburwayi bwo kuribwa umutwe (Arwaye umutwe). |
| ijisho | 1. urugingo tubonesha. 2. akobo k'urushinge kanyuzwamo urudodo (ijisho ry'urushinge). |
| Imyandikire | Imivugire | Inyito | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Impuzashusho | kimwe | itandukanye | zitandukanye |
| Imvugwakimwe | kimwe | kimwe | zitandukanye, nta sano |
| Ingwizanyito | ijambo rimwe | kimwe | nyinshi, zifitanye isano |
Tip
Uko wabitandukanya: ibaza ibibazo bibiri. (1) Aya magambo avugwa kimwe? Niba atari ko, ni impuzashusho. (2) Niba avugwa kimwe, inyito zayo zifitanye isano? Yego: ni ingwizanyito. Oya: ni imvugwakimwe.
"Umwana afite umuriro mwinshi, bamujyana ku kigo nderabuzima." Umuriro hano usobanura iki, kandi ni urugero rw'iki?
Igisubizo: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri. Ni ingwizanyito: ijambo rimwe rifite inyito nyinshi zifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe.
"Umucuruzi yishyuye imyenda yose yari afite." Imyenda hano isobanura iki?
Igisubizo: Amadeni. Ni impuzashusho y'"imyenda" (imyambaro).
Andika interuro ebyiri zigaragaza inyito ebyiri z'ijambo "ikiraro".
Igisubizo (urugero): Imodoka zambuka Nyabarongo zinyuze ku kiraro. / Inka zirara mu kiraro.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'impuzashusho n'imvugwakimwe?
Igisubizo: Impuzashusho zivugwa mu buryo butandukanye (ubutinde cyangwa amasaku), naho imvugwakimwe zivugwa kimwe rwose.
Tegura amafunguro yuzuye y'umunsi umwe y'umukinnyi ukiri muto nka Mutoni: ifunguro rya mu gitondo, irya saa sita n'irya nimugoroba. Kuri buri funguro, erekana ibitera imbaraga, ibyubaka umubiri n'ibirinda indwara. Koresha nibura ijambo rimwe ry'ingwizanyito mu nteruro zawe, urisobanure.
Ibyo wize
Sources and credits
Umwandiko: Mutoni n'Ikono y'Isupu, wanditswe na Osu Library Fund, uhindurwa mu Kinyarwanda na Jean Paul Harelimana, ushushanywa na Eric Nii Addy. Watangajwe na African Storybook (© African Storybook Initiative 2018), ku ruhushya CC BY 4.0. Ganzaa yawutunganyije: yakosoye imyandikire (harimo "inkono" mu mutwe w'inkuru), ihuza amazina y'umunyarubuga w'ingenzi (Mutoni) mu nkuru yose, kandi inoza zimwe mu nteruro.
Ifoto: Kimironko Maket.jpg, yafashwe na François Terrier, iri kuri Wikimedia Commons ku ruhushya CC BY 2.0.
Inyigisho z'indyo yuzuye, iz'impuzashusho n'iz'ingwizanyito byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Imyitozo yo muri iri somo n'ibibazo by'isuzuma byanditswe na Ganzaa.
