Mazingira ya Nyumbani
Senior 1 · Kiswahili
Mazingira ya Nyumbani
Lesson 4 of 4
25 min
Nyumbani tunapanga mambo mengi ya kesho: tutapika nini, nani atachota maji, tutamtembelea nani likizoni. Ili kuzungumza kuhusu mambo yatakayotokea, tunatumia wakati ujao (future tense): nitakula, tutasafiri, hatutaenda.
Katika somo hili utasoma hadithi fupi ya familia moja, utajifunza msamiati wake, utajifunza wakati ujao (kukubali na kukanusha), kisha utazungumza na kuandika kuhusu mipango yako ya nyumbani.
In English: a short family story, then the future tense with -ta- (I will eat, we will not go), used to talk and write about plans at home.
Siku moja, mama alileta matunda mengi.
“Tutakula matunda lini?” tunauliza. “Tutakula matunda leo jioni,” mama anasema.
Kaka yangu Rahim ni mlafi. Anaonja onja matunda yote. Anakula matunda mengi.
“Angalia Rahim alichokifanya!” mdogo wangu analalamika kwa sauti. “Rahim ni mtundu na mchoyo,” ninasema.
Mama amekasirishwa na Rahim.
Sisi pia tumekasirishwa na Rahim. Lakini Rahim haombi msamaha.
“Hutamwadhibu Rahim?” mdogo wangu anauliza.
“Rahim, muda si mrefu utajuta,” mama anaonya.
Rahim anaanza kuhisi kuumwa.
“Tumbo langu linauma sana,” Rahim ananong'ona.
Mama alijua hili litatokea. Matunda yanamwadhibu Rahim!
Baadaye, Rahim anatuomba msamaha. “Kamwe sitakuwa mlafi tena,” anaahidi. Na sote tunamwamini.
Hadithi ya Adelheid Marie Bwire, tafsiri ya Kiswahili ya Monica Shank Lauwo na Lauwo George (African Storybook, CC BY 3.0).
In English: Mother brings home fruit for the evening, but greedy Rahim eats most of it. He will not say sorry. Mother warns that he will soon regret it, and his stomach starts to hurt. Later he apologises and promises never to be greedy again.
| Neno | Maana kwa Kiswahili | English |
|---|---|---|
| adhabu | jambo baya analopewa mtu aliyekosea | punishment |
| kuadhibu | kumpa mtu adhabu | to punish |
| tunda, matunda | sehemu ya mmea inayoliwa, kama ndizi na chungwa | fruit |
| mlafi | mtu anayekula kupita kiasi | greedy eater |
| kuonja | kula kidogo ili kujua ladha | to taste |
| mtundu | mtoto anayefanya mambo mabaya | naughty |
| mchoyo | mtu asiyependa kugawana | selfish |
| kulalamika | kusema kwamba hufurahishwi na jambo | to complain |
| kuomba msamaha | kusema “samahani” baada ya kukosea | to apologise |
| kuonya | kumwambia mtu hatari iliyo mbele | to warn |
| kujuta | kusikitika kwa sababu ya kosa ulilofanya | to regret |
| kunong'ona | kusema kwa sauti ya chini sana | to whisper |
| kuahidi | kusema kwa uhakika kwamba utafanya jambo | to promise |
| kamwe | hata mara moja | never |
Wakati ujao unaonyesha jambo litakalotokea baadaye. Kiambishi chake ni -ta-, kinachochukua nafasi ya -na-:
kiambishi cha nafsi + -ta- + mzizi: tu + ta + kula = tutakula (we will eat).
| Nafsi | Kukubali | Kukanusha |
|---|---|---|
| mimi | nitasoma | sitasoma |
| wewe | utasoma | hutasoma |
| yeye | atasoma | hatasoma |
| sisi | tutasoma | hatutasoma |
| ninyi | mtasoma | hamtasoma |
| wao | watasoma | hawatasoma |
Angalia tofauti: katika ukanushi wa wakati ujao, -ta- hubaki na -a ya mwisho haibadiliki: atasoma → hatasoma. (Katika wakati uliopo, -na- iliondoka na -a ikawa -i: anasoma → hasomi.)
Vitenzi vya silabi moja hubaki na ku-: nitakula, hatakunywa, watakuja. Kitenzi kuwa: nitakuwa, sitakuwa.
Maneno ya wakati ujao: kesho, kesho kutwa, baadaye, leo jioni, wiki ijayo, mwezi ujao, mwaka ujao.
| Neno | Sehemu zake | Maana |
|---|---|---|
| tutakula | tu + ta + kula | we will eat |
| utajuta | u + ta + juta | you will regret |
| hutamwadhibu? | hu + ta + mw + adhibu | won't you punish him? |
| sitakuwa | si + ta + kuwa | I will not be |
(Katika hutamwadhibu, -mw- ni kiambishi cha mtendwa: “him”.)
Swali: Badilisha sentensi Tunakula matunda sasa. (a) iwe wakati ujao, kwa neno “leo jioni”; (b) kisha ikanushe.
Jibu: (a) Tutakula matunda leo jioni. -na- imekuwa -ta-, na ku- ya kula imebaki. (b) Hatutakula matunda leo jioni. Tumeongeza ha- mwanzoni; -ta- na -a ya mwisho havijabadilika.
Tip
Kumbuka hivi: NA ni sasa, TA ni kesho.
Kukanusha wakati ujao: weka si-, hu-, ha-, hatu-, ham-, hawa- mwanzoni. TA inabaki, A inabaki: nitasoma → sitasoma.
Usichanganye: hasomi (he is not reading) na hatasoma (he will not read).
Jibu: Leo jioni.
Jibu: Na matunda mengi aliyokula: tumbo lake lilianza kuuma sana.
Jibu: (a) Nitachota maji. (b) Watalisha kuku. (c) Mgeni atakuja.
Jibu: (a) Hatutasafiri kesho. (b) Hutapika wali. (c) Sitakuwa mlafi.
Jibu: Hali ni ukanushi wa wakati uliopo (he is not eating); hatakula ni ukanushi wa wakati ujao (he will not eat).
Mfano wa jibu: Likizo ijayo nitakaa nyumbani na familia yangu. Nitamsaidia mama kupika na kuosha vyombo. Kaka yangu na mimi tutalisha mbuzi wetu kila asubuhi. Jumamosi tutamtembelea bibi yetu kijijini. Nitasoma vitabu viwili vya hadithi. Sitachelewa kuamka, na sitatazama televisheni siku nzima. Mwishoni mwa likizo nitarudi shuleni nikiwa na furaha.
Muhtasari (summary)
Sources and credits
Hadithi: Adhabu (kwa Kiingereza: Punishment), imeandikwa na Adelheid Marie Bwire, michoro ya Melany Pietersen, tafsiri ya Kiswahili ya Monica Shank Lauwo na Lauwo George. Imechapishwa na African Storybook na kupatikana kupitia Storybooks Rwanda, leseni CC BY 3.0. Maandishi yametumiwa kamili bila kubadilishwa. Michoro haikutumiwa.
Msamiati, maelezo ya sarufi, mazoezi na maswali ya tathmini: Imeandikwa na Ganzaa (Written by Ganzaa).
