Mazingira ya Nyumbani
Senior 1 · Kiswahili
Mazingira ya Nyumbani
Lesson 2 of 4
20 min
Katika Kiswahili, irabu moja ikibadilika, maana ya neno inabadilika: kaka (brother) si kuku (chicken), na paka (cat) si pika (cook!). Pia kila irabu hutamkwa, hata irabu mbili zinazofuatana: saa, mzee, maua. Wanafunzi wengi huandika mze badala ya mzee, au sa badala ya saa.
Katika somo hili utasoma habari ya kazi za nyumbani, utajifunza msamiati wake, na utajifunza kutamka na kuandika irabu kwa usahihi.
In English: the five vowels, how the mouth makes them, words that differ by one vowel, and double vowels (saa, mzee) where every vowel is pronounced and written.
Jumamosi asubuhi, wazazi wa Uwase hawaendi kazini, na watoto hawaendi shuleni. Kila mtu anafanya kazi za nyumbani.
Baba anapaka rangi mlango wa sebule. Mama anafua nguo na kuzianika juani. Uwase anafagia sakafu na kupangusa meza na viti. Kaka yake, Kagabo, anapalilia bustani ya mboga na kumwagilia maua. Mdogo wao, Ineza, analisha kuku na kuokota mayai bandani.
Saa nne asubuhi, bibi yao anafika kutoka kijijini. Ni mzee, lakini ana nguvu. Anakaa juu ya kiti kivulini na kuwasimulia watoto hadithi.
Saa sita mchana, wote wanakaa pamoja. Wanakula wali na maharagwe na kunywa maji ya machungwa. Baba anasema, “Kazi ya pamoja ni rahisi!”
Imeandikwa na Ganzaa.
In English: on Saturday everyone in Uwase's family does housework: painting, washing clothes, sweeping, weeding, watering flowers, feeding the chickens and collecting eggs. Grandmother visits, and at noon they eat together.
| Kitenzi | Maana kwa Kiswahili | English |
|---|---|---|
| kufagia | kuondoa taka sakafuni kwa ufagio | to sweep |
| kupangusa | kuondoa vumbi kwa kitambaa | to wipe, dust |
| kufua nguo | kuosha nguo kwa maji na sabuni | to wash clothes |
| kuanika | kuweka kitu juani kikauke | to hang out to dry |
| kuosha vyombo | kusafisha sahani, vikombe na sufuria | to wash the dishes |
| kupiga pasi | kunyoosha nguo kwa pasi | to iron |
| kutandika kitanda | kupanga shuka na blanketi kitandani | to make the bed |
| kuchota maji | kuleta maji kutoka kisimani au bombani | to fetch water |
| kupaka rangi | kuweka rangi juu ya kitu | to paint |
| kumwagilia | kuwapa mimea maji | to water (plants) |
| kulisha | kumpa mnyama au mtu chakula | to feed |
| kuokota | kuchukua kitu kilicho chini | to pick up, collect |
Maneno mengine: ua, maua (flower), yai, mayai (egg), kivuli (shade), machungwa (oranges), wali (cooked rice).
Irabu ni sauti ambazo hewa hutoka mdomoni bila kuzuiwa na ulimi, meno wala midomo. Tofauti kati ya irabu ni mahali ulimi ulipo na umbo la midomo:
| Irabu | Ulimi | Midomo | Mfano |
|---|---|---|---|
| i | juu, mbele | imetandazwa (spread) | kiti |
| e | kati, mbele | imetandazwa | embe |
| a | chini, katikati | imefunguka wazi | baba |
| o | kati, nyuma | imeviringwa (rounded) | soko |
| u | juu, nyuma | imeviringwa | kuku |
Grammar note: say i, e, a, o, u slowly in front of a mirror. For i and e your lips spread like a smile; for o and u they become round.
| Neno | Maana | Neno | Maana |
|---|---|---|---|
| kaka | brother | kuku | chicken |
| paka | cat | pika | cook! |
| baba | father | bibi | grandmother |
| sasa | now | sisi | we |
| tatu | three | tata | tangled, complicated |
| kula | to eat | kule | over there |
Irabu mbili zinazofanana hutamkwa zote mbili, na kila moja ni silabi: saa = sa-a (silabi 2), kaa = ka-a, mzee = m-ze-e (silabi 3), juu = ju-u, kondoo = ko-ndo-o. Ukiondoa irabu moja, neno linakosewa au linabadilika: saa (hour, clock) si sawa na sa (hakuna neno kama hilo).
Irabu tofauti pia hutamkwa moja moja: maua = ma-u-a (silabi 3), mayai = ma-ya-i, kuokota = ku-o-ko-ta, kufua = ku-fu-a.
Vitanza ndimi (tongue twisters) ni sentensi zenye sauti zinazofanana, zinazosemwa haraka. Zinafundisha matamshi mazuri. Soma kila kimoja polepole, kisha haraka mara tatu:
Vitanza ndimi hivi vimetungwa na Ganzaa.
Swali: Sahihisha makosa ya tahajia: Mze ameketi chini ya mti sa nne.
Jibu: Mzee ameketi chini ya mti saa nne. Maneno mzee na saa yana irabu mbili zinazofanana, na zote mbili lazima ziandikwe kwa sababu zote hutamkwa.
Tip
Kumbuka hivi: Kila irabu hutamkwa, na kila irabu inayotamkwa huandikwa.
Irabu mbili = silabi mbili: sa-a, ka-a, m-ze-e, ju-u.
Ukiwa na shaka, gawa neno katika silabi kwa kupiga makofi: kila kofi lina irabu moja.
Jibu: Analisha kuku na kuokota mayai bandani.
Jibu: Anazianika juani.
Jibu: (a) sa-a, 2 (b) m-ze-e, 3 (c) ma-u-a, 3 (d) ko-ndo-o, 3.
Jibu: (a) kuku (b) bibi (c) juu (d) maua.
Jibu: Mama anapika chakula na kunywa chai.
Mfano wa jibu: Ninaamka saa kumi na mbili. Ninafua nguo zangu. Ninamwagilia maua ya mama. Ninaokota mayai ya kuku. Jioni ninamsaidia mzee jirani yetu. (Maneno yenye irabu mbili: ninaamka, saa, ninafua, ninamwagilia, maua, ninaokota, mayai, ninamsaidia, mzee.)
Muhtasari (summary)
Sources and credits
Kusoma: “Kazi za nyumbani siku ya Jumamosi” na vitanza ndimi vitatu: Imeandikwa na Ganzaa (Written by Ganzaa).
Somo hili lote, yaani habari, msamiati, maelezo ya sarufi, mazoezi na maswali ya tathmini: Imeandikwa na Ganzaa (Written by Ganzaa). Hakuna chanzo cha nje kilichotumiwa.
