Ubuzima
Senior 6 · Kinyarwanda
Ubuzima
Lesson 3 of 4
45 min
Indwara z'ibyorezo ziza zisakuza: zigaragara vuba, zigafata benshi icyarimwe. Hari izindi ziza buhoro, nk'umujura winjira mu nzu nijoro: zimara imyaka zikura nta kimenyetso, umuntu akazimenya zaramaze kwangiza umubiri. Izo ni indwara zitandura.
Muri iri somo urasoma umwandiko ku ndwara zitandura n'uko zirindwa, hanyuma wige kwandika no gusesengura amatangazo, cyane cyane ay'ubukangurambaga ku buzima n'itangazo rigenewe itangazamakuru.
Umwandiko wanditswe na Ganzaa. Abantu bavugwamo ni abo gutekerezwa.
(1) Rugwiro yari umucuruzi w'imyaka mirongo ine n'itanu. Yabyukaga kare, akagenda n'imodoka, akirirwa yicaye mu iduka, agataha bwije. Ku manywa yaryaga ibiryo byihuse birimo umunyu mwinshi, nimugoroba akanywa inzoga «zo kuruhuka». Yumvaga ameze neza; ntiyari yarigeze ajya kwa muganga mu myaka icumi.
(2) Umunsi umwe, yagiye mu gikorwa cy'isuzuma ry'ubuntu cyabereye ku kibuga cy'umurenge. Umuforomo yapimye umuvuduko w'amaraso ye, aramureba, aramubwira ati: «Umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe uri hejuru cyane. Ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba.» Rugwiro yaratangaye: ntiyari arwaye umutwe, ntiyari ananiwe. Ni bwo yamenye ko umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ushobora kumara imyaka nta kimenyetso, kugeza ubwo uteje indwara z'umutima cyangwa iz'ubwonko.
(3) Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, indwara z'umutima, kanseri n'indwara z'ibihaha zihoraho ni zo zitwa indwara zitandura: ntizivanwa ku wundi muntu. Akenshi zikomoka ku myitwarire y'igihe kirekire: kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, kurya ibiryo birimo umunyu, isukari n'ibinure byinshi, no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Zimwe ziterwa kandi n'imyaka, n'iby'umuntu akomora ku babyeyi.
(4) Inkuru nziza ni uko nyinshi muri zo zirindwa. Kurya imboga n'imbuto buri munsi, kugabanya umunyu n'isukari, kureka itabi, kunywa inzoga nke cyangwa kuzireka, gukora siporo nibura iminota mirongo itatu ku munsi mu minsi myinshi y'icyumweru, no gusinzira bihagije ni intambwe zoroshye ariko zikomeye. Mu mujyi wa Kigali, siporo rusange izwi nka «Car Free Day» ihuza abantu benshi ku Cyumweru: abana, urubyiruko n'abakuze bagenda n'amaguru, bakiruka cyangwa bakora imyitozo hamwe.
(5) Kwisuzumisha buri gihe ni indi ntwaro. Indwara imenyekanye kare ivurwa neza kandi ku giciro gito. Rugwiro, nyuma y'amezi atandatu akurikiza inama za muganga, yari amaze guhindura imirire, ajya ku kazi n'amaguru iminsi itatu mu cyumweru, kandi afata imiti uko yategetswe. Umuvuduko w'amaraso ye wasubiye ku rugero rwiza.
(6) Abanyarwanda baravuga bati: «Amagara aramirwa ntamerwa.» Ubuzima si imbuto yatewe: iyo bwangiritse, ntibumera bwa kabiri uko bwari bumeze. Ni yo mpamvu buri muntu akwiye kuburinda uyu munsi, atategereje ko burwara.
| Ijambo cyangwa imvugo | Icyo bisobanura mu mwandiko |
|---|---|
| indwara zitandura | indwara zitavanwa ku wundi muntu: diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kanseri… |
| umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso | indwara amaraso atembamo mu mitsi afite ingufu nyinshi kurusha urugero |
| isuzuma | igikorwa cyo gupima umuntu ngo harebwe niba afite indwara |
| imyitozo ngororamubiri | imyitozo y'umubiri ituma ukomera kandi ugira ubuzima bwiza |
| ibinure | amavuta ari mu biryo cyangwa mu mubiri |
| gukomora ku babyeyi | kugira imiterere cyangwa ibyago byavuye ku babyeyi bawe |
| Amagara aramirwa ntamerwa | umugani: ubuzima ntibumera bwa kabiri nk'imbuto; bugomba kurindwa |
1. Vuga imyitwarire itatu ya Rugwiro yashyiraga ubuzima bwe mu kaga.
2. Kuki Rugwiro yatangajwe n'ibyo umuforomo yamubwiye?
3. Tandukanya indwara zitandura n'indwara z'ibyorezo wize mu isomo rya mbere.
4. Vuga intambwe enye zirinda indwara zitandura, nk'uko umwandiko uzivuga.
5. Ni iki Rugwiro yahinduye, kandi byamugiriye akahe kamaro?
Kuki umwanditsi atangiza umwandiko inkuru ya Rugwiro aho gutangiza ibisobanuro by'indwara?
Umwanditsi asoza akoresheje umugani. Ni akahe kamaro k'uwo mugani mu musozo?
1. Kwirirwa yicaye nta siporo; kurya ibiryo birimo umunyu mwinshi; kunywa inzoga buri mugoroba; kutisuzumisha imyaka icumi (bitatu muri ibyo).
2. Kuko yumvaga ameze neza, nta kimenyetso: ntiyari azi ko umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ushobora kumara imyaka nta kimenyetso.
3. Indwara z'ibyorezo zandurira ku bandi kandi zigafata benshi vuba; indwara zitandura ntizivanwa ku bandi, zikura buhoro, akenshi zikomoka ku myitwarire y'igihe kirekire.
4. Kurya imboga n'imbuto; kugabanya umunyu n'isukari; kureka itabi; kugabanya inzoga cyangwa kuzireka; gukora siporo; gusinzira bihagije; kwisuzumisha (enye muri izo).
5. Yahinduye imirire, ajya ku kazi n'amaguru iminsi itatu mu cyumweru, kandi afata imiti. Umuvuduko w'amaraso ye wasubiye ku rugero rwiza.
6. Inkuru y'umuntu ikurura umusomyi kandi ikamwereka ko ikibazo gishobora kumugeraho na we; ibisobanuro biza nyuma byumvikana neza.
7. Uhuza inama z'umwandiko n'ubwenge bwa rubanda, ugatuma ubutumwa bwibukwa kandi bugira uburemere.
Kugira ngo abaturage nka Rugwiro bamenye ko hari isuzuma ry'ubuntu, hagomba itangazo. Muri S3 wize amoko y'amatangazo n'uturango twayo. Mu mwaka wa gatandatu, uriga gutandukanya amatangazo hakurikijwe uburyo atangwamo, kwandika itangazo rigenewe itangazamakuru, no gusesengura niba itangazo ryujuje ibisabwa.
Definition
Itangazo ni ubutumwa bugufi kandi busobanutse, butangazwa ku mugaragaro n'umuntu cyangwa urwego, bugenewe abantu benshi, bubamenyesha ikintu cyangwa bubasaba gukora ikintu.
Itangazo rigenewe itangazamakuru ni itangazo urwego rwoherereza abanyamakuru, ribamenyesha amakuru y'ingenzi kugira ngo bayatangaze.
| Uburyo itangazo ritangwamo | Uturango twihariye |
|---|---|
| Iryanditse ku rubaho rw'amatangazo cyangwa ku rupapuro | umutwe mu nyuguti nkuru; amakuru y'ingenzi agaragara vuba; itariki, umukono na kashe y'urwego |
| Irivugwa (kuri radiyo, mu nama, mu muganda, mu rusengero) | interuro ngufi; amakuru y'ingenzi (itariki, isaha, aho) asubirwamo kabiri; nta mbonerahamwe cyangwa imibare myinshi |
| Iryo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga | rigufi cyane; rifite ishusho; rifite aho kubariza cyangwa umurongo wo kwiyandikisha; rishyirwaho n'urwego ruzwi kugira ngo ritaba igihuha |
| Irigenewe itangazamakuru | umutwe uvuga inkuru; igika cya mbere gisubiza nde, iki, ryari, hehe, kuki; amagambo y'umuyobozi; aho abanyamakuru babariza |
Worked example
Itangazo ry'ubukangurambaga ryanditse (urugero)
ITANGAZO: ISUZUMA RY'UBUNTU RY'INDWARA ZITANDURA
Ubuyobozi bw'Umurenge wa Gahanga, ku bufatanye n'Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Gahanga, buramenyesha abaturage bose bafite imyaka 18 kuzamura ko hateguwe isuzuma ry'ubuntu ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso, diyabete n'ibiro.
Itariki: ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 14 Ugushyingo 2026
Isaha: guhera saa mbiri za mu gitondo kugeza saa kumi z'umugoroba
Aho rizabera: ku kibuga cy'umurenge
Abazaza barasabwa kwitwaza indangamuntu. Ababishoboye barasabwa kuza batariye ibiryo bya mu gitondo, kugira ngo isukari yabo ipimwe neza. Abazasangwa bafite ikibazo bazahabwa inama kandi boherezwe kwa muganga.
Ku bindi bisobanuro, mwabaza ku biro by'Umurenge cyangwa ku Kigo Nderabuzima.
Bikorewe i Gahanga, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2026
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge
(Umukono na kashe)
Iri tangazo ni iry'urugero ryanditswe na Ganzaa; amatariki n'aho bizabera ni iby'urugero.
Worked example
Gusesengura no gukosora itangazo ribi, intambwe ku yindi
Itangazo ribi: «Abantu bose muze ejo kwisuzumisha. Bizaba ari byiza cyane!!! Muzaze kare.»
Umwanzuro: rigomba kongerwamo uritanze, igikorwa nyacyo, itariki n'isaha, aho bizabera, ibyo abaza basabwa, n'aho babariza, nk'uko biri mu rugero ruri hejuru.
Warning
Umukoro: Ihuriro ry'ubuzima ry'ishuri ryanyu ryateguye «Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza» (ibiganiro, isuzuma ry'ibiro, amarushanwa yo guteka indyo yuzuye). Andika itangazo rigenewe itangazamakuru (amagambo 150–220).
Worked example
Igisubizo cy'ikitegererezo (cyanditswe na Ganzaa; ishuri n'amatariki ni iby'urugero)
ITANGAZO RIGENEWE ITANGAZAMAKURU
Abanyeshuri ba G.S. Nyagatare batangije Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza
Nyagatare, ku wa 9 Werurwe 2027 — Ihuriro ry'ubuzima ry'Urwunge rw'Amashuri rwa Nyagatare riramenyesha abanyamakuru n'abaturage ko kuva ku wa 15 kugeza ku wa 19 Werurwe 2027 rizakora Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza, kigamije gukangurira abanyeshuri n'imiryango yabo kurya indyo yuzuye no kwirinda indwara zitandura.
Muri icyo cyumweru hazaba ibiganiro bitangwa n'abakozi b'ikigo nderabuzima, isuzuma ry'ibiro n'uburebure ku banyeshuri bose, n'amarushanwa yo guteka indyo yuzuye hakoreshejwe ibiribwa biboneka mu karere.
Perezida w'ihuriro, Mugisha Eric, yagize ati: «Twifuza ko buri munyeshuri ataha azi gutegura isahani yuzuye, kandi akabyigisha iwabo.»
Ibikorwa byose bizabera ku kibuga cy'ishuri, guhera saa munani kugeza saa kumi z'umugoroba. Abanyamakuru bifuza amakuru arambuye bahamagara umwanditsi w'ihuriro ku murongo w'ishuri.
— Iherezo —
Practice
Imyitozo
Itangazo ni iki? Ni iki gitandukanya itangazo rigenewe itangazamakuru n'itangazo risanzwe?
Vuga uturango tubiri tw'itangazo rivugwa kuri radiyo tudakenewe cyane mu ryanditse.
Mu itangazo ry'isuzuma ry'ubuntu, ni ibihe bibazo bitanu igika cya mbere n'icya kabiri bisubiza?
Kosora iri tangazo: «Abanyeshuri muzaze ku wa Gatanu utaha mu nama!!! Ni ngombwa cyane.»
Hindura itangazo ry'isuzuma ry'ubuntu ribe irivugwa kuri radiyo (interuro 6–8).
Andika itangazo rigenewe itangazamakuru wasabwe mu bumenyi ngiro.
1. Ubutumwa bugufi butangazwa ku mugaragaro bugenewe abantu benshi. Irigenewe itangazamakuru ryoherezwa abanyamakuru, rifite umutwe uvuga inkuru, igika cya mbere gisubiza nde/iki/ryari/hehe/kuki, amagambo y'umuyobozi n'aho babariza.
2. Interuro ngufi cyane; gusubiramo itariki, isaha n'aho bizabera.
3. Nde (Umurenge n'Ikigo Nderabuzima), iki (isuzuma ry'ubuntu), ryari (14 Ugushyingo 2026, saa mbiri–saa kumi), hehe (ku kibuga cy'umurenge), bande (abafite imyaka 18 kuzamura).
4. Urugero: «ITANGAZO. Ubuyobozi bw'ishuri buramenyesha abanyeshuri b'umwaka wa gatandatu ko hateganyijwe inama ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 20 Ugushyingo 2026, saa cyenda z'amanywa, mu cyumba mberabyombi. Kwitabira ni itegeko. Bikorewe ku ishuri, ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2026. Umuyobozi w'ishuri.»
5. Urugero: «Bantu b'i Gahanga, mwumve itangazo! Ku wa Gatandatu tariki ya 14 Ugushyingo, ku kibuga cy'umurenge, hazaba isuzuma ry'ubuntu ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso na diyabete. Bizatangira saa mbiri za mu gitondo, birangire saa kumi. Muzitwaze indangamuntu. Ndasubiramo: ku wa Gatandatu, 14 Ugushyingo, ku kibuga cy'umurenge, guhera saa mbiri. Murakoze.»
6. Isuzuma: umutwe uvuga inkuru (2), igika cya mbere gisubiza ibibazo bitanu (4), ibisobanuro by'ibikorwa (2), amagambo y'umuyobozi (1), aho babariza n'«Iherezo» (1).
Ibyo kwibuka
Sources and credits
Umwandiko «Amagara aramirwa ntamerwa», amatangazo y'urugero, imbonerahamwe, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa. Abantu, ahantu n'amatariki bivugwa mu matangazo ni iby'urugero.
Impamvu enye z'ingenzi zitera indwara zitandura (itabi, inzoga nyinshi, imirire mibi, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri) zivugwa n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima: Noncommunicable diseases, WHO.
Umugani «Amagara aramirwa ntamerwa» ni umurage wa rubanda nyarwanda.
Ifoto: Noncommunicable Disease Training in Rwanda, CDC Global, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
