Ubuzima
Senior 6 · Kinyarwanda
Ubuzima
Lesson 4 of 4
40 min
Ihuriro ry'ubuzima ryateguye neza Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza: abaganga baremeye kuza, ibiribwa byaraguzwe, ikibuga cyarateguwe. Ariko ku munsi w'itangizwa, ababyeyi baje ari bake. Impamvu? Ubutumire bwabo ntibwavugaga isaha, kandi bwohererejwe ababyeyi umunsi umwe mbere y'ibirori.
Muri S1 wize ibigize ubutumire. Mu mwaka wa gatandatu, urajya kure: amoko y'ubutumire, imvugo y'icyubahiro ikwiye inzego zitandukanye, gusubiza ubutumire mu kinyabupfura, no kwandika ubutumire bw'ibirori bikomeye.
Definition
Ubutumire ni ubutumwa umuntu cyangwa urwego yoherereza abandi abasaba kwitabira igikorwa runaka (ibirori, inama, ubukwe, umuhango), bukavuga icyo gikorwa, igihe n'aho kizabera.
Gusubiza ubutumire ni ukumenyesha uwagutumiye niba uzitabira cyangwa utazitabira, mu gihe yasabye.
| Ubwoko | Igihe bukoreshwa | Uturango twihariye |
|---|---|---|
| Ikarita y'ubutumire | ubukwe, isabukuru, ibirori by'ishuri | ngufi kandi itatse; ivuga utumira, igikorwa, itariki, isaha, aho, n'icyifuzo cyo gusubiza |
| Ibaruwa y'ubutumire | gutumira umuyobozi cyangwa urwego mu muhango wemewe | ikurikiza imiterere y'ibaruwa y'ubutegetsi; ivuga uruhare usaba utumirwa (gutangiza, gutanga ikiganiro…); igira gahunda iyiherekeje |
| Ubutumire bwo kuri telefoni cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga | inama z'itsinda, ibirori bito | bugufi cyane; bugira amakuru y'ingenzi yose; bushobora kugira ikarita iherekejwe nk'ishusho |
| Ubutumire bwo mu magambo | gutumira inshuti, abaturanyi | bukoresha imvugo y'ikinyabupfura; bugomba kuvuga neza itariki n'isaha |
Worked example
Urugero 1: ikarita y'ubutumire bw'ubukwe (byanditswe na Ganzaa; amazina n'amatariki ni iby'urugero)
UBUTUMIRE
Umuryango wa Bwana na Madamu Gasana n'umuryango wa Bwana na Madamu Rwema
bishimiye kubatumira mu birori by'ubukwe bw'abana babo
UWERA Aline na MUGISHA Patrick
Gusaba no gukwa: ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 3 Mata 2027, saa yine za mu gitondo, i Huye, mu rugo rwa Gasana.
Gusezerana imbere y'Imana no kwakira abatumirwa: uwo munsi, guhera saa munani z'amanywa.
Turabasaba kutumenyesha niba muzitabira bitarenze ku wa 20 Werurwe 2027.
Ikaze ryiza!
Worked example
Urugero 2: igisubizo ku butumire, mu kinyabupfura
Kwemera: «Mwiriwe neza. Nshimishijwe n'ubutumire bwanyu mu birori by'ubukwe bwa Aline na Patrick ku wa 3 Mata 2027. Nzaza ndi umwe. Imana ibahe umugisha mu myiteguro.»
Kwanga: «Mwiriwe neza. Ndabashimiye cyane ku butumire bwanyu. Mbabajwe no kubamenyesha ko ntazashobora kwitabira, kuko uwo munsi nzaba ndi mu kizamini cya leta. Mbifurije ibirori byiza, kandi Aline na Patrick mbifurije urugo ruhire.»
Icyitonderwa: igisubizo cyiza kibanza gushimira, kikavuga icyemezo mu buryo bweruye, kigatanga impamvu iyo wanze, kandi kigasoza n'icyifuzo cyiza.
Worked example
Gusesengura ubutumire bubi, intambwe ku yindi
Ubutumire: «Babyeyi, muze ku ishuri kuwa mbere tuzaba dufite ibirori by'imirire. Murakaza neza.» (bwoherejwe ku wa Gatandatu)
Umwanzuro: bwohererezwe nibura icyumweru mbere, bugaragaze ibice umunani byo ku ikarita iri hejuru.
Warning
Umukoro: (a) Andika ikarita y'ubutumire itumira ababyeyi mu muhango wo gutangiza «Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza» (urugero ruri ku gishushanyo). (b) Andika ubutumwa bugufi bwo kuri telefoni (WhatsApp) butumira abanyeshuri b'ihuriro mu nama yo kubitegura. (c) Andika igisubizo umubyeyi yohereza yanga ubutumire mu kinyabupfura.
Worked example
Igisubizo cy'ikitegererezo (cyanditswe na Ganzaa)
(a) Reba ikarita iri ku gishushanyo: igaragaza ibice umunani byose.
(b) «Bavandimwe bo mu ihuriro ry'ubuzima, mwiriwe! Mutumiwe mu nama yo gutegura Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza, ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 5 Werurwe 2027, saa cyenda z'amanywa, mu ishuri rya S6 B. Muzane ibitekerezo by'ibikorwa. Mwemeze ko muzaza musubiza ubu butumwa. Murakoze! — Mugisha, Perezida.»
(c) «Bayobozi b'ihuriro ry'ubuzima, mwiriwe. Ndabashimiye ku butumire mu muhango wo gutangiza Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza ku wa 15 Werurwe 2027. Mbabajwe no kubamenyesha ko ntazashobora kuboneka, kuko uwo munsi nzaba ndi ku kazi kure y'akarere. Umwana wanjye azangezaho ibyo muzigisha. Mbifurije igikorwa cyiza. — Mukamana Odette, umubyeyi wa Keza (S4 A).»
Practice
Imyitozo
Ubutumire ni iki? Vuga ibice bitandatu by'ingenzi bigize ikarita y'ubutumire.
Ni ryari wakoresha ibaruwa y'ubutumire aho gukoresha ikarita? Tanga urugero.
Ni ibihe bintu bitatu bigize igisubizo cyiza cyo kwanga ubutumire?
Kosora ubu butumire: «Muze mu isabukuru yanjye kuwa gatandatu. Muzaze kare kandi muzane impano!!»
Kuki ari ngombwa gusaba abatumirwa gusubiza (kumenyesha niba bazitabira) mbere y'itariki runaka?
Andika ubutumire n'igisubizo wasabwe mu bumenyi ngiro.
1. Ubutumwa busaba abandi kwitabira igikorwa. Ibice: utumira; abatumirwa; igikorwa n'impamvu yacyo; itariki n'isaha; aho kizabera; gusubiza; (n'imvugo y'ikinyabupfura, gahunda, imyambarire iyo bikenewe).
2. Iyo utumira umuyobozi cyangwa urwego mu muhango wemewe, ukamusaba uruhare runaka. Urugero: umuyobozi w'ishuri atumira Umuyobozi w'Ibitaro by'Akarere gutangiza Icyumweru cy'imirire myiza.
3. Gushimira ku butumire; kuvuga icyemezo mu buryo bweruye n'impamvu yacyo; gusoza n'icyifuzo cyiza.
4. Urugero: «Ndabatumiye mu birori by'isabukuru yanjye y'imyaka 18, ku wa Gatandatu tariki ya 12 Kamena 2027, saa cyenda z'amanywa, iwacu i Remera. Mwemeze ko muzaza bitarenze ku wa 8 Kamena. Kuza kwanyu kuzanshimisha. — Keza.» (Gusaba impano ntibikwiye.)
5. Kugira ngo abateguye bamenye umubare w'abazaza, bategure ibyicaro, ibyo kurya n'ibindi bikenewe.
6. Isuzuma: ibice byose by'ubutumire birimo (4), amatariki n'isaha byanditse neza (2), imvugo y'ikinyabupfura ikwiye abatumirwa (2), igisubizo gishimira, gisobanura kandi gisoza neza (2).
Ibyo kwibuka
Further reading
Ibitabo byo gusoma
Sources and credits
Ingero z'ubutumire n'ibisubizo, igishushanyo «Ikarita y'ubutumire» (SVG), imbonerahamwe, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa. Amazina, ishuri n'amatariki ni iby'urugero.
