Itumanaho n'Ikoranabuhanga
Senior 6 · Kinyarwanda
Itumanaho n'Ikoranabuhanga
Lesson 3 of 4
45 min
Ihuriro ry'ikoranabuhanga ryabajije abanyeshuri 60 b'umwaka wa gatandatu uko bakoresha telefoni. Ibisubizo bishobora guhindura amabwiriza y'ishuri, ariko umuyobozi ntiyari ahari igihe babazaga. Agomba kubimenya mu buryo busobanutse, bwizewe kandi bugufi: binyuze muri raporo.
Muri iri somo urasoma raporo y'ubushakashatsi buto, wige amoko n'imiterere ya raporo, uko amakuru akusanywa n'uko ibyifuzo byandikwa, hanyuma wandike raporo y'igikorwa.
Raporo yanditswe na Ganzaa. Ishuri, abantu, imibare n'amatariki ni iby'urugero.
RAPORO Y'UBUSHAKASHATSI KU MIKORESHEREZE YA TELEFONI MU BANYESHURI B'UMWAKA WA GATANDATU
Abayikoze: Ihuriro ry'ikoranabuhanga, Urwunge rw'Amashuri rwa Rugarama
Igenewe: Umuyobozi w'ishuri
Itariki: ku wa 26 Werurwe 2027
1. Intangiriro
Abarezi bagaragaje ko abanyeshuri bamwe basinzira mu ishuri, bakavuga ko baraye kuri telefoni. Ubu bushakashatsi bwari bugamije kumenya umubare w'abanyeshuri b'umwaka wa gatandatu bafite telefoni, igihe bazimaraho n'icyo bazikoresha, kugira ngo ishuri rifate ingamba zishingiye ku makuru.
2. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe
Kuva ku wa 15 kugeza ku wa 19 Werurwe 2027, twahaye abanyeshuri 60 b'umwaka wa gatandatu urupapuro rw'ibibazo rutagaragaza amazina yabo. Abanyeshuri 60 bose barusubije. Twaganiriye kandi n'abarezi babiri bashinzwe imyitwarire.
3. Ibyagaragaye
Abanyeshuri 52 kuri 60 (87%) bafite telefoni. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira yerekana igihe abo 52 bamara kuri telefoni ku munsi:
| Igihe ku munsi | Umubare | Ijanisha (kuri 52) |
|---|---|---|
| Munsi y'isaha 1 | 8 | 15% |
| Isaha 1 kugeza ku masaha 3 | 21 | 40% |
| Amasaha 3 kugeza kuri 5 | 15 | 29% |
| Hejuru y'amasaha 5 | 8 | 15% |
Abanyeshuri 45 (87%) bakoresha telefoni mu guhamagara no kohereza ubutumwa, 38 (73%) ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, naho 27 (52%) mu gusubiramo amasomo. Abanyeshuri 19 (37%) bavuze ko baryama nyuma ya saa sita z'ijoro kubera telefoni, nibura amajoro atatu mu cyumweru. Abanyeshuri 6 (12%) bavuze ko bigeze guhohoterwa kuri murandasi.
4. Umwanzuro
Telefoni ni igikoresho gikoreshwa n'abanyeshuri benshi, kandi kimwe cya kabiri cyabo kiyikoresha no mu masomo. Ariko abarenga kimwe cya gatatu cy'abayifite batakaza ibitotsi kubera yo, kandi hari abahohoterwa kuri murandasi batabivuga.
5. Ibyifuzo
– Ku buyobozi bw'ishuri: gushyiraho isaha ntarengwa yo gukoresha telefoni mu macumbi (urugero, saa yine z'ijoro).
– Ku ihuriro ry'ikoranabuhanga: gutegura ibiganiro ku ikoreshwa ryiza rya telefoni no ku kwirinda ihohoterwa kuri murandasi.
– Ku barezi bashinzwe imyitwarire: gushyiraho uburyo abahohotewe bavuga ibibazo byabo mu ibanga.
Bikorewe i Rugarama, ku wa 26 Werurwe 2027.
Perezida w'ihuriro: Mugisha Eric (umukono) · Umwanditsi: Uwase Aline (umukono)
| Ijambo cyangwa imvugo | Icyo bisobanura |
|---|---|
| raporo | inyandiko isobanura mu buryo buteguye ibyakozwe, ibyagaragaye n'ibyifuzo |
| ubushakashatsi | igikorwa cyo gushaka amakuru mu buryo buteguye kugira ngo umenye ukuri ku kibazo |
| urupapuro rw'ibibazo | urupapuro ruriho ibibazo abantu basubiza mu nyandiko |
| ibyagaragaye | ibyo abakoze ubushakashatsi babonye, bigaragazwa n'imibare n'ingero |
| ibyifuzo | inama z'ibikwiye gukorwa, zishingiye ku byagaragaye |
| ingamba | ibyemezo n'ibikorwa byateganyijwe kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke |
1. Ni iki cyatumye ubushakashatsi bukorwa, kandi bwari bugamije iki?
2. Amakuru yakusanyijwe ate? Kuki urupapuro rw'ibibazo rutagaragazaga amazina?
3. Ni abanyeshuri bangahe bamara amasaha arenga 3 kuri telefoni ku munsi? Ni irihe janisha kuri 52?
4. Umwanzuro uvuga ko «abarenga kimwe cya gatatu cy'abayifite batakaza ibitotsi». Ni uwuhe mubare wo mu byagaragaye ushyigikira iyo nteruro?
5. Buri cyifuzo kigenewe nde? Kuki ari byiza kuvuga uwo kigenewe?
1. Abanyeshuri bamwe basinziraga mu ishuri. Bwari bugamije kumenya umubare w'abafite telefoni, igihe bazimaraho n'icyo bazikoresha.
2. Hakoreshejwe urupapuro rw'ibibazo rwasubijwe n'abanyeshuri 60, n'ikiganiro n'abarezi babiri. Kutagaragaza amazina byatumye abanyeshuri basubiza ukuri batikanga ibihano.
3. 15 + 8 = 23; 23 ÷ 52 × 100 ≈ 44%.
4. Abanyeshuri 19 kuri 52 (37%) baryama nyuma ya saa sita z'ijoro kubera telefoni.
5. Ubuyobozi bw'ishuri, ihuriro ry'ikoranabuhanga, abarezi bashinzwe imyitwarire. Bituma buri wese amenya inshingano ye, ibyifuzo bigashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Definition
Raporo ni inyandiko isobanura mu buryo buteguye, bufite imitwe, ibyakozwe cyangwa ibyabaye, ibyagaragaye, umwanzuro n'ibyifuzo, igenewe umuntu cyangwa urwego rugomba kubimenya cyangwa gufata icyemezo.
| Ubwoko | Icyo isobanura | Urugero |
|---|---|---|
| Raporo y'igikorwa | igikorwa cyakozwe: uko cyagenze, abacyitabiriye, umusaruro | raporo y'umuganda w'ishuri |
| Raporo y'urugendoshuri | ibyo abanyeshuri babonye n'ibyo bize mu rugendo | uruzinduko mu ruganda rw'icyayi |
| Raporo y'ubushakashatsi | ikibazo cyakoreweho ubushakashatsi, uburyo, ibyagaragaye | imikoreshereze ya telefoni mu banyeshuri |
| Raporo y'imari | amafaranga yinjiye n'ayasohotse mu gihe runaka | raporo y'imari y'ihuriro ry'abanyeshuri |
Worked example
Kuva ku byagaragaye ukagera ku cyifuzo, intambwe ku yindi
Icyifuzo kidafatika: «Abantu bakwiye kwitwara neza kuri murandasi.» Ntikivuga ugomba kugira icyo akora, cyangwa icyo azakora.
Warning
Umukoro: Andika raporo y'igikorwa (amagambo 220–320) ku gikorwa ishuri ryanyu cyangwa ihuriro ryanyu ryakoze (umuganda, amarushanwa, urugendoshuri). Igire imitwe yose y'imiterere ya raporo, imibare nibura itatu, umwanzuro n'ibyifuzo bibiri bifite ugenewe.
Worked example
Igisubizo cy'ikitegererezo (cyanditswe na Ganzaa; ishuri, imibare n'amatariki ni iby'urugero)
RAPORO Y'UMUGANDA WO GUTERA IBITI KU ISHURI
Abayikoze: Komite y'abanyeshuri · Igenewe: Umuyobozi w'ishuri · Itariki: ku wa 31 Werurwe 2027
1. Intangiriro. Ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 27 Werurwe 2027, komite y'abanyeshuri yateguye umuganda wo gutera ibiti ku nkengero z'ikibuga, kugira ngo hagabanywe isuri n'izuba ryinshi abanyeshuri bahuraga na ryo mu karuhuko.
2. Uko byakozwe. Umuganda watangiye saa mbiri, urangira saa tanu. Abanyeshuri 140 n'abarezi 6 bawitabiriye. Ibiti 200 byatanzwe n'Umurenge. Abitabiriye bagabanyijwe mu matsinda arindwi: amatsinda atanu yacukuye imyobo, abiri atera ibiti kandi ayuhira.
3. Ibyagaragaye. Ibiti 200 byose byatewe. Amatsinda yarangije ku gihe, uretse rimwe ryabuze amasuka. Amazi yo kuhira yabaye make, ibiti 40 biburaho amazi.
4. Umwanzuro. Umuganda wagenze neza kandi intego yawo yagezweho, ariko kubungabunga ibiti bizasaba amazi n'ibikoresho bihagije.
5. Ibyifuzo. – Ku buyobozi bw'ishuri: kongera amasuka atatu mu bikoresho by'umuganda. – Ku ihuriro ry'ibidukikije: gushyiraho gahunda yo kuhira ibiti buri wa Gatatu mu gihe cy'izuba.
Perezida wa komite: (umukono) · Umwanditsi: (umukono)
Practice
Imyitozo
Raporo ni iki? Itandukaniro ryayo n'inkuru y'ikinyamakuru ni irihe?
Vuga ibice birindwi bya raporo ku murongo bikurikiranamo.
Muri raporo y'ubushakashatsi, abanyeshuri bangahe bakoresha telefoni mu gusubiramo amasomo? Bari mu kihe gice cya raporo?
Garagaza niba buri nteruro ari icyagaragaye, umwanzuro cyangwa icyifuzo: (a) «Abanyeshuri 38 bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga.» (b) «Ishuri rikwiye gushyiraho isaha ntarengwa yo gukoresha telefoni.» (c) «Telefoni ni igikoresho gikoreshwa n'abanyeshuri benshi.»
Hindura iki cyifuzo kibe gifatika: «Ibintu bikwiye kunozwa.»
Andika raporo wasabwe mu bumenyi ngiro.
1. Inyandiko isobanura mu buryo buteguye ibyakozwe, ibyagaragaye, umwanzuro n'ibyifuzo, igenewe urwego rugomba gufata icyemezo. Inkuru y'ikinyamakuru igenewe abasomyi bose, ikubakwa nka piramide ihindukiye, ntigira ibyifuzo.
2. Umutwe; abayikoze, uyigenewe n'itariki; intangiriro; uburyo bwakoreshejwe; ibyagaragaye; umwanzuro; ibyifuzo (n'umukono).
3. Abanyeshuri 27 (52%); bari mu gice cy'«Ibyagaragaye».
4. (a) icyagaragaye; (b) icyifuzo; (c) umwanzuro.
5. Urugero: «Ku buyobozi bw'ishuri: kongera robine ebyiri z'amazi hafi y'amacumbi bitarenze ukwezi kwa Kamena.»
6. Isuzuma: imitwe yose (4), intangiriro n'uburyo bisobanutse (3), ibyagaragaye bifite imibare (4), umwanzuro ushingiye ku byagaragaye (3), ibyifuzo bifatika bifite ugenewe (4), ibihe by'inshinga n'imyandikire (2).
Ibyo kwibuka
Sources and credits
Raporo y'ubushakashatsi, raporo y'umuganda, igishushanyo «Imiterere ya raporo» (SVG), imbonerahamwe, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa. Ishuri, abantu, imibare n'amatariki ni iby'urugero.
