Imikino n'Imyidagaduro
Senior 6 · Kinyarwanda (Languages)
Imikino n'Imyidagaduro
Lesson 3 of 4
25 min
Kera, iyo umunsi w'imirimo warangiraga, ingo zateranaga nimugoroba mu gitaramo. Aho ni ho abana bigiraga ibisakuzo n'imigani, urubyiruko rugahiganwa mu mvugo, abakuru bagacuranga bakaririmba. Igitaramo cyari imyidagaduro, ariko kandi cyari ishuri ry'ururimi. Muri iri somo urasoma inkuru y'igitaramo cy'iki gihe, maze usesengure amajwi atuma amagorane avugisha abantu, wige no guhimba uturingushyo dukina ku nyito z'amagambo.
Umwandiko wanditswe na Ganzaa. Abantu bawuvugwamo ni abo gutekerezwa.
(1) Ku munsi w'ikiruhuko, umuryango wa Mukansanga watumiye abaturanyi mu gitaramo. Nimugoroba, mu gikari bacana umuriro, bashyira intebe n'ibirago impande zawo. Abana bicara imbere, abakuru inyuma, urubyiruko ruhagarara hafi y'umuryango, rwiteguye guhiganwa.
(2) Igitaramo gitangizwa n'ibisakuzo by'abana. «Sakwe sakwe!» «Soma!» Umwana muto witwa Gisa abaza igisakuzo, abandi bafindura, utsinzwe agatanga «igihugu» nk'uko bisanzwe muri uwo mukino. Abakuru baraseka, kuko na bo bibuka uko babikinaga bakiri bato.
(3) Hakurikiraho umugani. Sekuru wa Gisa, umusaza Rukundo, abara umugani muremure w'umukobwa wanze kumvira ababyeyi. Iyo ageze ahantu hakomeye, aracecetse akanya gato, abana bagahumeka bigoranye. Arangiza agira ati: «Si jye wahera, ni wa mukobwa wahera.»
(4) Nyuma y'umugani, Rukundo afata inanga ye. Intoki ze zigenda ku murya, ijwi rye rikurikira injyana yayo. Aririmba amateka y'akarere kabo, ibigwi by'abahinzi bako n'imisozi yako. Abantu baracecetse, n'umuriro usa n'utuje.
(5) Urubyiruko rurahaguruka. Umusore witwa Shyaka aravuga ati: «Ninde wavuga iri gorane inshuro eshatu atavugishijwe?» Aravuga ati: «Cyusa yaciye icyuho, icyuho cya Cyusa cyacyuye ihene ya Cyiza.» Abasore n'inkumi barabigerageza, abenshi bakavugishwa ku nshuro ya kabiri. Inkumi yitwa Teta irabishobora, abantu bakoma amashyi.
(6) Teta asoza avuga uturingushyo yihimbiye, dukina ku nyito z'amagambo. Akaringushyo ke kitwa «Gutera» kanezeza abakuru cyane, maze Rukundo arahaguruka aramushimira ati: «Igitaramo kitarimo urubyiruko ni nk'umuriro utagira inkwi: urazima.» Bataha bwije, ariko buri wese ajyana ijambo rishya.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura mu mwandiko |
|---|---|
| igitaramo | iteraniro ryo nimugoroba ry'imyidagaduro: imigani, ibisakuzo, indirimbo, imbyino n'ibiganiro |
| gufindura | kubona igisubizo cy'igisakuzo |
| inanga | igikoresho cy'umuziki gakondo gifite umurya, gicurangwa n'intoki |
| umurya | umugozi w'igikoresho cy'umuziki |
| kuvugisha | gutuma umuntu yibeshya mu kuvuga, akavuga ibitari byo |
| icyuho | umwanya wasigaye nta kintu, nk'aho uruzitiro rwaciwe |
| gucyura | gutahana amatungo cyangwa ibintu mu rugo |
| inkumi | umukobwa ukuze ugeze igihe cyo gushyingirwa |
1. Vuga ibikorwa bitanu byabaye mu gitaramo, ukurikije uko byakurikiranye.
2. Rukundo yasoje umugani ate? Iyo mvugo yerekana iki ku bwoko bw'umugani yabaraga?
3. Kuki abasore n'inkumi benshi bavugishwaga n'igorane rya Shyaka?
4. Sobanura imvugo ya Rukundo: «Igitaramo kitarimo urubyiruko ni nk'umuriro utagira inkwi.» Ni uwuhe mugoronzoranganzo akoresheje?
5. Gusesengura: Ukurikije umwandiko, igitaramo cyari «ishuri ry'ururimi». Tanga ingero eshatu zibyerekana.
Definition
Igitaramo ni iteraniro ryo nimugoroba, mu rugo cyangwa mu muryango mugari, rigamije kwidagadura, gusabana no kwigisha binyuze mu migani, ibisakuzo, indirimbo, imbyino, ibyivugo n'imikino y'imvugo.
Amagorane ni imvugo ikurikiranya amajwi menshi asa, ivugwa vuba, ku buryo utabimenyereye avugishwa.
Uturingushyo tw'abasizi ni utubango tugufi duhimbye ku buryo bw'ibisigo, tuvugwa mu njyana, dukina ku magambo kandi dutanga ubutumwa.
Igorane si interuro iyo ari yo yose ifite amajwi asa. Rivugisha kubera impamvu eshatu z'imivugire:
| Igorane (ryahimbwe na Ganzaa) | Amajwi arigize | Impamvu rigora |
|---|---|---|
| Cyusa yaciye icyuho, icyuho cya Cyusa cyacyuye ihene ya Cyiza. | cy na c | c na cy zisimburana; cyacyuye ifite cy ebyiri zikurikirana |
| Shyaka ashyira ishyiga ku rindi shyiga, amashyiga ya Shyaka arashyuha. | shy na sh | igihekane shy kigaruka inshuro esheshatu |
| Pfura yapfunyitse ifu, ifu ya Pfura ipfunduwe n'umuyaga. | pf na f | pf (iminwa n'amenyo) isimburana na f |
Hari amagambo y'Ikinyarwanda afite inyito nyinshi: kubara (gutanga umubare / gutekereza inkuru), gusoma (gusoma inyandiko / kunywa buhoro), gutera (gushyira imbuto mu butaka / kujugunya / kugaba igitero). Umuhanzi w'uturingushyo akoresha izo nyito ebyiri mu mikarago ikurikirana, bigatera uwumva gutekereza no guseka.
Uturingushyo twahimbwe na Ganzaa:
1. Kubara
Nabaze inyenyeri, bucya ntarangije,
Nabaze inkuru, abana barasinzira;
Kubara ni kubiri, bana b'iwacu:
Ubara imibare n'ubara amateka.
2. Gusoma
Nasomye igitabo, ubwenge bwiyongera,
Nasomye amata, inyota irashira;
Gusoma kumwe kugaburira umutima,
Ukundi kukagaburira umubiri.
3. Gutera
Uteye igiti aba ateye ejo hazaza,
Uteye ibuye aba ateye intambara;
Gutera ni ugutera, ariko imbuto si zimwe:
Hitamo icyo utera, uzasarura icyo wateye.
Worked example
Urugero rwa 1: Gusesengura akaringushyo «Gutera»
Worked example
Urugero rwa 2: Guhimba igorane, intambwe ku yindi
Warning
Ntukitiranye igorane n'akaringushyo. Igorane ryubakiye ku ngorane y'amajwi, rikavugwa vuba; inyito yaryo ntiba ingenzi. Akaringushyo kavugwa buhoro mu njyana, kagatanga ubutumwa. Niba wahimbye interuro ifite amajwi asa ariko ivugwa buhoro kandi yigisha, ni akaringushyo.
Mu guhimba, irinde amazina asebya abantu bazwi cyangwa amagambo y'ibitutsi: umukino w'imvugo ugamije gusabana, si ugukomeretsa.
Practice
Imyitozo
Tanga inshoza y'igitaramo, uvuge n'ibikorwa bine bikibamo.
Ni ibihe bihekane bigaruka mu igorane «Shyaka ashyira ishyiga ku rindi shyiga, amashyiga ya Shyaka arashyuha»?
Vuga impamvu eshatu zituma igorane rivugisha.
Mu karingushyo «Gusoma», inshinga «gusoma» ifite izihe nyito ebyiri?
Ni irihe jambo ry'Ikinyarwanda rifite inyito ebyiri wakoresha uhimba akaringushyo gashya? Tanga inyito zombi.
Himba igorane rishingiye ku majwi nshy na sh, unahimbe akaringushyo k'imikarago ine gakina ku nyito ebyiri z'ijambo «kubara» cyangwa irindi wahisemo.
Igitaramo cy'iki gihe gikwiye kumera gite kugira ngo gikurure urubyiruko? Tanga ibitekerezo bitatu bisobanuwe.
1. Igitaramo ni iteraniro ryo nimugoroba rigamije kwidagadura, gusabana no kwigisha. Ibikorwa: ibisakuzo, imigani, indirimbo n'inanga, imbyino, ibyivugo, amagorane n'uturingushyo.
2. shy (Shyaka, ashyira, ishyiga, shyiga, amashyiga, arashyuha).
3. Ibihekane bigoye bikurikirana; amajwi asa ariko adahuje asimburana vuba; isubiramo rifite impinduka nto.
4. Gusoma inyandiko (igitabo) no gusoma amata (kunywa buhoro).
5. Urugero: gutwara (guheka cyangwa kujyana ikintu / kuyobora ikinyabiziga). Ibindi bisubizo byemewe iyo inyito zombi ari ukuri kandi zisobanuwe.
6. Ibisubizo biratandukana. Igorane: amajwi nshy na sh agaruka kenshi, isubiramo rifite impinduka, rivugwa vuba. Akaringushyo: imikarago ine ifite injyana, inyito ebyiri z'ijambo zigaragara, ubutumwa busobanutse.
7. Urugero: guhuza inanga n'ibikoresho bigezweho; amarushanwa y'amagorane n'uturingushyo afite ibihembo; gusangiza ibihangano kuri radiyo cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga; gutumira abakuru n'abato. Buri gitekerezo gisobanurwe.
Ibyo kwibuka
Sources and credits
Umwandiko «Igitaramo cyo ku munsi w'ikiruhuko», amagorane, uturingushyo «Kubara», «Gusoma» na «Gutera», imbonerahamwe, ingero, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa.
Ifoto: Mugitaramo Nyarwanda bifashishaga inanga, Umurerwajanne, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This lesson adapts CC BY-SA material and is shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.
