Gukunda Igihugu
Senior 6 · Kinyarwanda (Languages)
Gukunda Igihugu
Lesson 1 of 4
25 min
Gukunda igihugu ntibivugirwa mu ndirimbo gusa: bigaragarira mu bikorwa bito bya buri munsi, nk'umuganda. Uyu mwandiko ni inkuru y'umunyeshuri witabiriye umuganda bwa mbere. Nyuma yawo uziga guhindura iyo nkuru raporo y'ibikorwa: inyandiko ivuga ibyakozwe mu buryo bufatika kandi butondetse.
Inkuru yanditswe na Ganzaa. Abantu n'umudugudu bayivugwamo ni ibyo gutekerezwa; ibivugwa ku muganda ni ukuri.
(1) Umwaka ushize nujuje imyaka cumi n'umunani. Ku wa Gatandatu wa nyuma w'ukwezi kwa Werurwe, data yarankanguye saa kumi n'imwe n'igice, ati: «Uyu munsi uri umuturage wuzuye: tujyane mu muganda.» Nari maze imyaka myinshi mbona abakuru bajyayo, ariko sinari nzi ko nanjye nzagera aho mbazwa.
(2) Saa mbiri za mu gitondo, abaturage b'umudugudu wa Kabeza bari bateraniye ku nzu y'umukecuru Nyirabahire, wari warasenyewe n'imvura. Umukuru w'umudugudu yatugabanyije mu matsinda atatu: itsinda rya mbere ryabumbye amatafari, irya kabiri rizana amazi n'ibiti, irya gatatu risiza ikibanza. Jye nari mu itsinda ry'amazi. Mu masaha atatu, nakoresheje ijerekani inshuro zirenga makumyabiri.
(3) Saa tanu, inkuta z'inzu nshya zari zigeze ku rugero rw'amadirishya. Nyirabahire yarebaga, amarira amanuka ku matama. Yarambwiye ati: «Mwana wanjye, ubu ni bwo menye ko ntari jyenyine.» Ayo magambo yanteye ishema kurusha amanota yose nabonye mu ishuri.
(4) Umuganda urangiye, twicaye mu nama y'abaturage. Umukuru w'umudugudu yatubwiye ko abaturage mirongo itandatu na batatu bitabiriye, ko hasigaye iminsi ibiri y'akazi ngo inzu irangire, kandi ko amabati azatangwa n'abagiraneza bo mu mudugudu. Twanaganiriye ku isuku y'imiyoboro y'amazi n'ababyeyi bataragura ubwisungane mu kwivuza.
(5) Nageze mu rugo naniwe, amaboko yuzuye ibyondo. Ariko nimugoroba, nandika mu ikayi yanjye nti: «Uyu munsi ntabwo nubatse inzu ya Nyirabahire gusa. Nubatse n'igihugu cyanjye, itafari rimwe ku rindi.»
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| umuganda | igikorwa rusange abaturage bakora hamwe ku bushake n'ubwitange, kigamije inyungu rusange |
| gusiza | kuringaniza ubutaka bw'aho inzu izubakwa |
| amatafari | ibice by'ibumba bibumbwe, bikoreshwa mu kubaka |
| abagiraneza | abantu bafasha abandi babikunze |
| raporo | inyandiko ivuga mu buryo bufatika ibyakozwe, ibyagezweho n'imbogamizi |
| imbogamizi | ikintu kibangamira igikorwa |
1. Kuki umubarankuru yitabiriye umuganda bwa mbere ku myaka cumi n'umunani?
2. Umuganda wakorewe he, kandi abaturage bagabanyijwe mu matsinda angahe?
3. Ni iki cyari kimaze kugerwaho saa tanu?
4. Ni izihe ngingo zaganiriweho mu nama y'abaturage?
5. Gusesengura: Sobanura interuro ya nyuma: «Nubatse n'igihugu cyanjye, itafari rimwe ku rindi.»
Definition
Umuganda ni igikorwa rusange abaturage bakorera hamwe ku bushake n'ubwitange, kigamije inyungu rusange. Mu Rwanda, itegeko ryo mu 2007 ryashyizeho umuganda rusange ukorwa ku wa Gatandatu wa nyuma wa buri kwezi, ureba abaturage bafite imyaka 18 kugeza kuri 65.
Raporo y'ibikorwa ni inyandiko ivuga mu buryo bufatika, butondetse kandi bwa nyabwo, ibyakozwe mu gikorwa runaka, ibyagezweho, imbogamizi n'ibyifuzo.
| Ingingo | Inkuru («Umuganda wanjye wa mbere») | Raporo y'umuganda |
|---|---|---|
| Intego | gusangiza ibyabaye n'ibyiyumvo | kumenyesha ibyakozwe ku buryo bufatika |
| Ingenga | ingenga ya mbere (nari, nakoresheje) | ingenga ya gatatu cyangwa «twebwe» (hakozwe, abaturage bitabiriye) |
| Imvugo | amarangamutima, ishusho (amarira, ishema) | amakuru afatika: imibare, amasaha, ibikorwa |
| Imiterere | itonde ry'igihe ry'inkuru | ibice bigenwe: intangiriro, ibyakozwe, ibyagezweho, imbogamizi, ibyifuzo |
Worked example
Urugero rwa 1: Raporo y'umuganda yakuwe mu nkuru
RAPORO Y'UMUGANDA WO KU WA GATANDATU WA NYUMA W'UKWEZI KWA WERURWE, UMUDUGUDU WA KABEZA
Intangiriro: Umuganda wakozwe kuva saa mbiri kugeza saa tanu za mu gitondo, ku nzu y'umukecuru Nyirabahire yasenywe n'imvura. Witabiriwe n'abaturage 63. Intego yari ukubakira Nyirabahire inzu nshya.
Ibyakozwe: Abaturage bagabanyijwe mu matsinda atatu: kubumba amatafari; kuzana amazi n'ibiti; gusiza ikibanza.
Ibyagezweho: Inkuta z'inzu zubatswe kugeza ku rugero rw'amadirishya.
Imbogamizi: amabati ntarabona.
Imyanzuro n'ibyifuzo: Hasigaye iminsi ibiri y'akazi; amabati azatangwa n'abagiraneza bo mu mudugudu. Abaturage basabwe gusukura imiyoboro y'amazi, kandi ababyeyi bataragura ubwisungane mu kwivuza barakangurirwa kubugura.
Bikozwe n'umwanditsi w'inama, (izina, umukono), ku munsi w'umuganda.
Worked example
Urugero rwa 2: Guhindura interuro y'inkuru ikaba iya raporo
(a) «Nakoresheje ijerekani inshuro zirenga makumyabiri, ndananirwa cyane.» → «Itsinda ry'amazi ryazanye amazi akenewe mu kubumba amatafari.»
(b) «Nyirabahire yarebaga, amarira amanuka ku matama.» → (ntibijya muri raporo: ni ibyiyumvo, si igikorwa.)
(c) «Twicaye mu nama turaganira byinshi.» → «Inama y'abaturage yaganiriye ku ngingo ebyiri: isuku y'imiyoboro y'amazi n'ubwisungane mu kwivuza.»
Warning
Raporo ni ukuri gufatika. Ntugire icyo wongeraho cyangwa ukuramo kugira ngo igikorwa kigaragare neza: imibare n'amasaha bigomba kuba nyabyo. Irinde amarangamutima n'amagambo y'ikabya («byari byiza bitangaje»).
Practice
Imyitozo
Tanga inshoza y'umuganda n'iya raporo y'ibikorwa.
Umuganda rusange ukorwa ryari, kandi ureba abantu bafite imyaka ingahe?
Vuga ibice birindwi bya raporo y'ibikorwa.
Ni izihe nteruro zo mu gika cya 3 zitajya muri raporo? Kuki?
Hindura iyi nteruro ibe iya raporo: «Twakoze cyane, turabira icyuya, maze imiyoboro yose irasukura.»
Andika raporo y'igikorwa cy'isuku cyabaye mu ishuri ryawe (cyangwa umuganda wo mu mudugudu wawe), ukurikije ibice birindwi.
1. Umuganda: igikorwa rusange abaturage bakorera hamwe ku bushake n'ubwitange, kigamije inyungu rusange. Raporo y'ibikorwa: inyandiko ivuga mu buryo bufatika kandi butondetse ibyakozwe, ibyagezweho, imbogamizi n'ibyifuzo.
2. Ku wa Gatandatu wa nyuma wa buri kwezi; abaturage bafite imyaka 18 kugeza kuri 65.
3. Umutwe; intangiriro; ibyakozwe; ibyagezweho; imbogamizi; imyanzuro n'ibyifuzo; uwayikoze n'umukono.
4. «Nyirabahire yarebaga, amarira amanuka ku matama», «Ayo magambo yanteye ishema…»: ni ibyiyumvo, si ibikorwa bifatika. Interuro ivuga ko inkuta zigeze ku rugero rw'amadirishya yo ijya muri raporo (ibyagezweho).
5. «Imiyoboro y'amazi yose y'umudugudu yasukuwe.» (wongeyeho, niba bizwi, umubare w'abitabiriye n'amasaha.)
6. Bisuzumwa hakurikijwe: ibice birindwi; amakuru afatika (itariki, amasaha, umubare); ingenga ya gatatu; nta marangamutima; umukono.
Ibyo kwibuka
Sources and credits
Inkuru «Umuganda wanjye wa mbere», raporo y'urugero, imbonerahamwe, ingero, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa.
Ifoto: Launch of the Environment Week 2017: Umuganda at Nyandungu Wetland, Rwanda Environment Management Authority, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
