Ubuzima
Senior 6 · Kinyarwanda (Languages)
Ubuzima
Lesson 4 of 4
25 min
Amakuru y'ubuzima ntahagije: abantu benshi bazi ko imboga ari nziza, nyamara ntibazirya. Imbwirwaruhame nziza ntimenyesha gusa: yemeza abantu, ikabatera guhindura imyitwarire. Muri iri somo urasoma imbwirwaruhame y'umunyeshuri ku mirire myiza, uyisesengure nk'umuhanga mu buvugizi, maze utegure iyawe kandi uyivuge.
Imbwirwaruhame yanditswe na Ganzaa, nk'iyavuzwe n'umunyeshuri ku munsi w'ubuzima w'ishuri. Abantu bavugwamo ni abo gutekerezwa; imibare y'igwingira ifite isoko yayo.
(1) Nyakubahwa Muyobozi w'ishuri, barimu, babyeyi, namwe banyeshuri bagenzi banjye, mwiriwe! Mbere y'uko mvuga, ndabasaba ikintu kimwe: ibuka icyo wariye ejo. Ese isahane yawe yari irimo amabara angahe?
(2) Ndi Mukeshimana Aline, nkaba umunyamuryango w'ihuriro ry'ubuzima ry'ishuri. Uyu munsi ndashaka kubemeza ikintu kimwe: kurya neza si ukurya byinshi, ni ukurya bikwiye.
(3) Ingingo ya mbere: ifunguro ryuzuye rigizwe n'amoko atatu. Hari ibitera imbaraga, nk'ibijumba, imyumbati n'umuceri; hari ibyubaka umubiri, nk'ibishyimbo, amagi n'amata; hari n'ibirinda indwara, ari zo mboga n'imbuto. Benshi muri twe turya ubwoko bumwe gusa: twuzuza isahane imyumbati, tukibagirwa dodo yeze mu gikari cyacu.
(4) Ingingo ya kabiri: imirire mibi igira ingaruka zirambye. Ubushakashatsi bw'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare ku buzima n'imibereho bwo mu 2025 bwagaragaje ko hafi umwana umwe kuri bane (27%) bari munsi y'imyaka itanu yari yaragwingiye. Igwingira ntirigarukira ku burebure: rigira ingaruka no ku mikurire y'ubwonko, bityo no ku myigire.
(5) Ingingo ya gatatu: kurya neza ntibisaba ubukire. Mama wanjye yahinze akarima k'igikoni ku buso buto imbere y'inzu. Kuva ubwo, imboga ntiziducika. Akarima k'igikoni gakeneye ubutaka buto, amazi make n'umwete.
(6) Bavandimwe, sinje kubabwira ngo mureke ibyo mukunda. Ndabasaba ibintu bitatu: uyu munsi, shyira imboga ku isahane yawe; iki cyumweru, ganira n'iwanyu ku karima k'igikoni; uyu mwaka, tuzahinge akarima k'ishuri twese hamwe. Isahane yawe ni yo ejo hawe. Murakoze!
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| imbwirwaruhame | ijambo riteguwe rivugirwa imbere y'abantu benshi rigamije kubamenyesha, kubemeza cyangwa kubashimisha |
| indyo yuzuye | ifunguro ririmo amoko atatu y'ibiryo ku rugero rukwiye |
| igwingira | imimerere y'umwana utakuze uko bikwiye kubera imirire mibi igihe kirekire |
| akarima k'igikoni | umurima muto w'imboga uba hafi y'inzu |
| kwemeza | gutuma abantu bemera igitekerezo cyawe bakagikurikiza |
1. Ni bande Aline yasuhuje mu ntangiriro? Kuki yabaye nk'ubasaba kwibuka icyo bariye ejo?
2. Ni ikihe gitekerezo nyamukuru ashaka kwemeza?
3. Vuga amoko atatu y'ibiryo n'urugero rumwe kuri buri bwoko.
4. Ni uwuhe mubare yatanze, kandi awukomora he?
5. Ni ibihe bikorwa bitatu Aline asaba abamwumva, kandi ni mu kihe gihe?
6. Gusesengura: Ni iyihe ngingo, muri eshatu, ubona yemeza kurusha izindi? Kuki?
Definition
Imbwirwaruhame ni ijambo riteguwe, rivugirwa imbere y'abantu benshi, rigamije kubamenyesha, kubemeza cyangwa kubashimisha mu birori.
Imbwirwaruhame iyemeza ni imbwirwaruhame igamije gutuma abayumva bemera igitekerezo kandi bagahindura imyitwarire.
Uburyo butatu bwo kwemeza: ubwizerwe bw'uvuga (abayumva bamwizera), gihamya (imibare, ingero, ibimenyetso) n'ibyiyumvo (gukora ku mitima y'abayumva).
| Igice | Ibikubiyemo | Muri «Kurya neza si ukurya byinshi» |
|---|---|---|
| Intangiriro | indamutso; igikurura abantu; kwivuga; igitekerezo nyamukuru | ibika 1–2: indamutso, ikibazo cy'isahane, «kurya neza si ukurya byinshi» |
| Igihimba | ingingo 2–4, buri imwe ifite gihamya | ibika 3–5: amoko atatu y'ibiryo; igwingira (imibare ya NISR); akarima k'igikoni |
| Umusozo | incamake; guhamagarira igikorwa; interuro yibukwa; gushimira | igika cya 6: ibikorwa bitatu; «Isahane yawe ni yo ejo hawe»; «Murakoze» |
Worked example
Urugero rwa 1: Kubona uburyo butatu bwo kwemeza mu mbwirwaruhame
| Uburyo | Aho bugaragara | Icyo bimara |
|---|---|---|
| Ubwizerwe bw'uvuga | «Ndi … umunyamuryango w'ihuriro ry'ubuzima»; urugero rw'iwabo (igika cya 5) | abantu bamwizera kuko azi ibyo avuga kandi abikora |
| Gihamya | imibare y'igwingira ya NISR (2025) | igitekerezo gishingira ku bimenyetso, si ku byiyumvo gusa |
| Ibyiyumvo | «Isahane yawe ni yo ejo hawe»; ikibazo cy'isahane | bikora ku mutima, bigatuma abantu bibuka |
Worked example
Urugero rwa 2: Kunoza intangiriro
Intangiriro idakurura: «Muraho. Uyu munsi ngiye kuvuga ku mirire. Imirire ni ingenzi.»
Intangiriro ikurura: «Nyakubahwa Muyobozi, barimu, banyeshuri, mwiriwe! Ibuka icyo wariye ejo. Ese isahane yawe yari irimo amabara angahe? Ndi Aline, kandi uyu munsi ndashaka kubemeza ko kurya neza atari ukurya byinshi.»
Icyahindutse: indamutso yubaha abari aho bose; ikibazo gituma buri wese atekereza; kwivuga; igitekerezo nyamukuru kivugwa mu nteruro imwe.
Warning
Imibare igomba kugira isoko. Ntugahimbe imibare ngo wemeze abantu: vuga aho wayikuye n'umwaka wakozwemo ubushakashatsi. Imibare itagira isoko ikuraho ubwizerwe bwawe.
Ntugasome imbwirwaruhame wubitse amaso ku rupapuro: andika ingingo z'ingenzi ku gapapuro gato, maze uvugane n'abantu.
Practice
Imyitozo
Tanga inshoza y'imbwirwaruhame iyemeza, uvuge uburyo butatu bwo kwemeza.
Vuga ibice bitatu by'imbwirwaruhame n'ibigize buri gice.
Shyira ibi biryo mu bwoko bwabyo: amashaza, imineke, ibijumba, amafi, dodo, umuceri.
Kuki Aline yatanze isoko n'umwaka by'imibare y'igwingira?
Andika umusozo mushya w'imbwirwaruhame ya Aline, ufite guhamagarira igikorwa n'interuro yibukwa.
Tegura imbwirwaruhame y'iminota itatu ku kwirinda indwara z'ibyorezo mu ishuri (gukaraba intoki, isuku, kwikingiza), maze uyivuge imbere y'itsinda ryawe. Itsinda rikugenzure ukoresheje imbonerahamwe y'ibice n'iy'imivugire.
1. Ni imbwirwaruhame igamije gutuma abayumva bemera igitekerezo bagahindura imyitwarire. Uburyo: ubwizerwe bw'uvuga, gihamya, ibyiyumvo.
2. Intangiriro (indamutso, igikurura, kwivuga, igitekerezo nyamukuru); igihimba (ingingo 2–4 zifite gihamya); umusozo (incamake, guhamagarira igikorwa, interuro yibukwa, gushimira).
3. Ibyubaka umubiri: amashaza, amafi. Ibirinda indwara: imineke, dodo. Ibitera imbaraga: ibijumba, umuceri.
4. Kugira ngo abamwumva bamwizere: imibare ifite isoko yemewe (NISR) n'umwaka (2025) iba gihamya ifatika, si igitekerezo cy'umuntu.
5. Bisuzumwa hakurikijwe: incamake y'ingingo; ibikorwa bisobanutse kandi bishoboka; interuro ngufi yibukwa; gushimira.
6. Bisuzumwa hakurikijwe: ibice bitatu byuzuye; nibura uburyo bubiri bwo kwemeza; amakuru y'ubuzima afite isoko (urugero: OMS, RBC); ijwi, umuvuduko, amaso, igihe.
Ibyo kwibuka
Further reading
Ibitabo byo gusoma
Sources and credits
Imbwirwaruhame «Kurya neza si ukurya byinshi», igishushanyo cy'isahane y'indyo yuzuye (SVG), imbonerahamwe, ingero, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa.
Imibare y'igwingira: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2025 (December 2025), statistics.gov.rw.
