Umuco Nyarwanda
Primary 6 · Kinyarwanda
Umuco Nyarwanda
Lesson 1 of 5
40 min
Let's begin
Ku wa gatandatu, Mugisha na Gatete bapfaga umupira bari baraguze bafatanyije. Umwe ati: "Ni uwanjye!" Undi ati: "Oya, ni uwanjye!" Sogokuru wabo wari wicaye mu gikari arabahamagara, abumva bombi, maze abakiranura mu kanya gato.
Abanyarwanda baravuga bati: "Utaganiriye na se ntamenya icyo sekuru yasize avuze." Bishatse kuvuga ko uwanga kuganira n'abakuru abura ubwenge n'inama zabo. Uyu munsi urasoma inkuru y'abaturanyi babiri bamenye ko inama y'abakuru iruta kwiruka mu manza.
Inkuru ishingiye ku mugani wo muri Etiyopiya, yahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na African Storybook. Ganzaa yarayihinnye kandi iyihinduraho gato.
Kera habayeho abagabo babiri, Ngerageze na Magirirane. Bari baturanye kandi bombi bari abakene. Buri wese yajyanaga imyaka ye ku isoko ayikoreye ku mutwe, kandi isoko ryari kure. Umunsi umwe Ngerageze agira igitekerezo, abwira mugenzi we ati: "Reka dufatanye tugure indogobe. Wishyure igice, nanjye nishyure ikindi. Nzajya nyijyana ku isoko icyumweru kimwe, nawe uyijyane ikindi." Nuko bagura indogobe, bamara igihe bishimye.
Hashize iminsi, se wa Ngerageze yitaba Imana, maze Ngerageze aramuzungura: amasambu, amashyamba, inka n'intama bya se biba ibye. Ubwo yari abaye umukire, ntiyari agikeneye gufatanya na Magirirane. Aramubwira ati: "Imbwa zanjye zikeneye inyama. Reka tubage indogobe, buri wese atware igice cye." Magirirane aramusubiza ati: "Nta nyama nkeneye, icyo nshaka ni indogobe. Niba ushaka kuyibaga, banza umpe amafaranga y'umugabane wanjye." Ngerageze aranga, nuko bajya mu rukiko.
Urubanza rwabo rwakirwa n'umucamanza mubi, utategaga amatwi ngo yumve neza ikibazo. Arababaza ati: "Indogobe ni iyanyu mwembi?" Bati: "Yego." Ati: "Ubwo rero buri wese afite igice cyayo. Niba Ngerageze ashaka igice cye, nagitware." Ngerageze abaga indogobe, igice cye akiha imbwa ze. Magirirane asigara yikorera imizigo ye wenyine.
Ntibyatinze, Ngerageze yiyemeza gutwika inzu ye ishaje kugira ngo yubake indi nini. Magirirane agira impungenge ati: "Inzu yawe yegeranye n'iyanjye. Nuyitwika, umuriro uzafata n'iyanjye." Basubira kwa wa mucamanza, avuga ko nta wabuza umuntu gutwika inzu ye. Ngerageze arayitwika. Umuyaga urahuha, utwara umuriro, ugwa ku gisenge cy'inzu ya Magirirane, na yo irashya. Magirirane araregera, ariko umucamanza ati: "Si Ngerageze wagutwikiye, ni umuriro wagurutse." Magirirane asigara nta ndogobe, nta nzu, asigaranye umurima gusa. Akomeza kuwuhinga cyane, maze umwerera amashaza meza.
Umunsi umwe, abahungu ba Ngerageze banyura muri uwo murima, basoroma ya mashaza, barayarya yose. Magirirane abasaba kuyamusubiza, bati: "Twarayariye! Genda ubibwire data, arakwishyura." Ngerageze yemera kuyishyura, ariko Magirirane ati: "Sinshaka amafaranga, ndashaka amashaza yanjye." Basubira kwa wa mucamanza. Nk'uko bisanzwe, ntiyitonda ngo yumve neza, maze ategeka ko abo bahungu bagarura amashaza nyirizina bariye, bitaba ibyo bagahanwa bikomeye. Ngerageze agira ubwoba bwinshi, aratakamba ati: "Mugenzi wanjye, mbabarira! Nubwo nagutwikiye inzu, nzakubakira indi. Reka tujye kureba abakuru b'umuryango, batugire inama."
Bajya kureba abakuru b'umuryango. Abakuru babatega amatwi igihe kirekire, bumva bombi. Hanyuma babwira Ngerageze bati: "Wakoze nabi igihe wangaga kwishyura Magirirane umugabane we w'indogobe, ukamutwikira inzu, none n'abana bawe bakaba bariye umusaruro we." Bahindukirira Magirirane bati: "Nawe, gushaka ko abana bahanwa bikomeye si byo. Dore icyemezo dufashe: Ngerageze agomba guha Magirirane icya kabiri cy'amasambu n'amashyamba ye, kandi mukagabana inka n'intama. Bityo muzabane mu mahoro." Ngerageze yubahiriza icyo cyemezo. Kuva ubwo, abo baturanyi bombi babana mu mahoro, ntibongera gutongana.
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura |
|---|---|
| kuzungura | guhabwa ibyari iby'umubyeyi witabye Imana |
| umugabane | igice cy'ikintu kigenewe umuntu mu byo yasangiye n'abandi |
| umucamanza | umuntu ushinzwe guca imanza mu rukiko |
| impungenge | ubwoba bw'uko hari ikibi gishobora kuba |
| gutakamba | kwinginga cyane usaba imbabazi |
| gukiranura | gukemura impaka hagati y'abantu |
| umusaruro | ibyo umurima weze |
Kuki Ngerageze na Magirirane baguze indogobe bafatanyije?
Igisubizo: Kuko bombi bari abakene: nta n'umwe washoboraga kuyigura wenyine, kandi isoko ryari kure.
Ni iki cyahinduye imyitwarire ya Ngerageze?
Igisubizo: Yazunguye se, aba umukire, maze yumva atagikeneye mugenzi we.
Umucamanza yari ameze ate?
Igisubizo: Ntiyategaga amatwi; yacaga imanza atumvise neza impande zombi.
Abakuru b'umuryango bakemuye ikibazo bate?
Igisubizo: Babanje kumva bombi, bagaragariza buri wese ikosa rye, maze bagabanya umutungo kugira ngo babane mu mahoro.
Ni irihe somo iyi nkuru itwigisha?
Igisubizo: Kwikunda bisenya ubucuti. Iyo habaye amakimbirane, ni byiza kugisha inama abakuru b'inararibonye, kuko bumva impande zombi mbere yo gufata icyemezo.
Ikeshamvugo ni imvugo inoze, irimo ubupfura n'ubuhanga. Tuyikoresha kugira ngo twirinde amagambo ateye isoni, akomeretsa cyangwa asuzuguza, cyane cyane iyo tuvuga ku bantu bakuru cyangwa ku bintu byubahwa mu muco nyarwanda. Ni yo mpamvu Abanyarwanda bavuga bati: "Ntibavuga ..., bavuga ...".
No mu mwandiko wasomye harimo ikeshamvugo: aho kuvuga ngo se wa Ngerageze "yapfuye", twavuze ko yitabye Imana.
| Ntibavuga | Bavuga | Urugero |
|---|---|---|
| gupfa (ku muntu) | kwitaba Imana | Sogokuru wa Keza yitabye Imana umwaka ushize. |
| kurya (ku bakuru) | gufungura | Nyogokuru arimo gufungura. |
| kubyara | kwibaruka | Mama wa Uwase yibarutse umwana w'umukobwa. |
Kera, mu rugo rw'Umunyarwanda habaga ibikoresho byubahwaga cyane, kuko byagiraga uruhare runini mu mibereho y'umuryango. Dore bitatu muri byo:
Kubera ko ibyo bikoresho byubahwaga, Abanyarwanda babigeneye amagambo yihariye, yitwa amagambo yabugenewe. Iyo tuvuga ku isekuru, ku ngobyi, ku rusyo, ku gisabo n'ibindi bikoresho byubahwa, dukoresha aya:
| Ntibavuga | Bavuga | Urugero |
|---|---|---|
| kubaza | kuramvura | Isekuru ntibayibaza, barayiramvura. |
| kumeneka | kuribora | Isekuru ntimeneka, iraribora. |
| gusaza | gukura | Ingobyi ntisaza, irakura. |
| kugura | gukosha | Ingobyi nshya ntigurwa, irakoshwa. |
| kumanika | kujisha | Ingobyi ntibayimanika, barayijisha. |
Wibuke kandi inshinga zijyana na buri gikoresho: gusekura (mu isekuru), guheka (mu ngobyi), gusya (ku rusyo).
Tip
Uko wabyibuka: Ibikoresho byubahwa "ntibimeneka, biraribora; ntibisaza, birakura; ntibibazwa, biraramvurwa".
Mbere yo kuvuga ku muntu mukuru cyangwa ku kintu cyubahwa, ibaze uti: "Ese hari ijambo ryiyubashye nakoresha?"
Ingingo: Kuki ari byiza kugisha inama abakuru igihe hari ikibazo?
Urugero rw'uko wavuga: "Ntekereza ko ari byiza kugisha inama abakuru kuko bafite ubunararibonye. Urugero, igihe jye na murumuna wanjye twapfaga igare, data yatwumvise twembi, maze adushyiriraho igihe buri wese arikoresha. Kuva ubwo ntitwongeye gutongana."
Simbuza ijambo riri mu nyuguti ziberamye ijambo ryabugenewe: "Umunyabukorikori yabaje isekuru nshya."
Igisubizo: Umunyabukorikori yaramvuye isekuru nshya. (Isekuru ntibayibaza, barayiramvura.)
Vuga iyi nteruro ukoresheje ikeshamvugo: "Nyogokuru arimo kurya."
Igisubizo: Nyogokuru arimo gufungura.
Ni ikihe gikoresho basyaho ibinyampeke? Akabuye bagikoresha na ko kitwa gute?
Igisubizo: Ni urusyo; akabuye ni ingasire.
Mu nkuru "Ngerageze na Magirirane", ni ba nde bakemuye ikibazo neza? Kubera iki?
Igisubizo: Ni abakuru b'umuryango, kuko babanje kumva impande zombi, bakagaragariza buri wese ikosa rye, maze bagafata icyemezo gituma babana mu mahoro.
Ibyo wize uyu munsi
Sources and credits
Umwandiko: Ngerageze na Magirirane, wanditswe na Magabi Eynew Gessesse na Elizabeth Laird, uhindurwa mu Kinyarwanda na Aloysie Uwizeyemariya, ushushanywa na Brian Wambi. Watangajwe na African Storybook (© African Storybook Initiative 2016), ku ruhushya CC BY 4.0. Ganzaa yarawuhinnye, ikosora imyandikire, kandi yoroshya igice cy'urubanza rwa nyuma.
Ifoto: Kubaza isekuru.jpg, yafashwe na ROSEMURA250, iri kuri Wikimedia Commons ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
Inyigisho z'ikeshamvugo n'amagambo yabugenewe byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Imyitozo yo muri iri somo n'ibibazo by'isuzuma byanditswe na Ganzaa.
Iri somo rikoresha ibikoresho biri ku ruhushya CC BY-SA, bityo na ryo risangizwa ku ruhushya CC BY-SA 4.0.
Isuzume
Ngerageze amaze kuzungura se no kuba umukire, yasabye Magirirane iki?
