Umuco Nyarwanda
Senior 6 · Kinyarwanda (Languages)
Umuco Nyarwanda
Lesson 3 of 5
25 min
Buri mwaka, ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama, Abanyarwanda bizihiza Umuganura. Benshi bawufata nk'umunsi w'ikiruhuko n'ibirori by'umusaruro. Nyamara inyuma yawo hari umuhango wa kera wari mu bwiru, ari bwo mategeko y'ibanga y'imihango y'ingoma. Uyu mwandiko urakwereka uko umuhango umwe ushobora gutwara amateka y'igihugu cyose.
Umwandiko wanditswe na Ganzaa. Abantu bawuvugwamo ni abo gutekerezwa.
(1) Uwo munsi, mu rugo rwa sogokuru Gakwaya hari urujya n'uruza. Buri wese yari yazanye icyo yejeje: abuzukuru bazanye ibigori n'ibishyimbo bihinze mu murima w'ishuri, nyirasenge Mukamusoni azana inkangara y'imyumbati, umuturanyi azana amata mu cyansi. Byose babishyira ku musambi hagati y'urugo, maze abaturanyi baraza barasangira.
(2) Ineza, umwuzukuru wiga mu mwaka wa gatandatu, abaza sogokuru ati: «Sogokuru, ijambo "umuganura" rikomoka he?» Sogokuru aramusubiza ati: «Rikomoka ku nshinga kuganura: gusogongera bwa mbere umusaruro mushya. Kera, ntibihutiraga kurya umwero mushya. Bawuganuraga mbere, bagashima, ni bwo bawurya.»
(3) Sogokuru akomeza avuga ko mu gihe cy'ubwami, umuganura wari umwe mu mihango ikomeye y'ingoma. Amasaka n'uburo bya mbere byazanwaga ibwami. Umwami yaganuraga mu mihango yihariye, agashimira abahinzi, agasabira igihugu uburumbuke. Uwo muhango wahuzaga umwami na rubanda: umusaruro w'umuhinzi woroheje wabaga ufite agaciro ku ngoma yose.
(4) «Uwo muhango,» sogokuru ati, «wari mu bwiru. Ubwiru bwari amategeko y'ibanga agena uko imihango y'ingoma ikorwa: ibikorwa bikurikirana, amagambo avugwa, ahantu n'igihe. Bwabikwaga n'abiru, bakabufata mu mutwe, ntibabumene ku bantu batabugenewe. Buri muhango wari ufite inzira yawo, kandi umuganura wari ufite iyawo.»
(5) Ineza abaza impamvu umuganura wari waribagiranye igihe kirekire. Sogokuru aramusubiza ko mu 1925 ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwawuciye, bukawufata nk'umuhango udakwiye. Imyaka myinshi ishira utizihizwa ku rwego rw'igihugu, n'ubwo hari imiryango yakomeje kuwibuka.
(6) «Mu 2011,» sogokuru ati, «umuganura wasubijweho nk'umunsi w'igihugu. Uyu munsi ntiwizihizwa n'umwami: wizihizwa n'abaturage, mu midugudu, mu mashuri no ku rwego rw'igihugu. Ntiwibanda ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi gusa, ahubwo no ku byo twagezeho mu nzego zose. Indangagaciro zawo ni zimwe: gushima, gusangira, gukunda umurimo no kwigira.»
(7) Ineza areba ibyari ku musambi, abona ko buri kintu cyari gifite nyiracyo, ariko ko byose byari bisangiwe. Yibwira ati: «Umuganura si ibiryo. Ni isezerano ry'uko icyo umuntu yejeje cyose kigira agaciro iyo gisangiwe.»
| Ijambo | Icyo risobanura mu mwandiko |
|---|---|
| kweza | gusarura imyaka yeze |
| umwero | umusaruro mushya w'igihembwe cy'ihinga |
| kuganura | gusogongera bwa mbere umusaruro mushya, mu muhango wo gushima |
| uburo | ubwoko bw'ingano ntoya zihingwa, zikorwamo umutsima n'igikoma |
| uburumbuke | kweza byinshi, kugira umusaruro mwiza |
| ubwiru | amategeko y'ibanga agena imihango y'ingoma |
| inzira (y'ubwiru) | urutonde rw'ibikorwa n'amagambo bigize umuhango umwe w'ubwiru |
| kwigira | kwishakamo ibisubizo, ntutegereze ko abandi bagukorera |
1. Ni ibiki abantu bazanye mu rugo rwa sogokuru? Babikoresheje iki?
2. Sobanura inkomoko y'ijambo «umuganura» nk'uko sogokuru yabivuze.
3. Ni iyihe myaka yajyanwaga ibwami mu muhango w'umuganura?
4. Ubwiru bwari iki, kandi ni bande babubikaga?
5. Ni iki cyabaye ku muganura mu 1925 no mu 2011?
6. Gereranya umuganura wo hambere n'uwo muri iki gihe: vuga ibintu bibiri bihuriyeho n'ibibiri bitandukaniyeho.
7. Gusesengura: Ineza ati «Umuganura si ibiryo». Asobanura iki?
Definition
Ubwiru ni amategeko y'ibanga yagenaga imihango y'ingoma mu Rwanda rwo hambere: ibikorwa bikurikirana, amagambo avugwa, ahantu, igihe n'ababikora. Bwabikwaga n'abiru, bakabufata mu mutwe.
Inzira y'ubwiru ni umuhango umwe w'ubwiru ukurikiranye uko wagenwe, kuva ku ntangiriro kugera ku iherezo. Urugero: inzira y'umuganura.
Umuganura ni umuhango wo gushima no gusogongera umusaruro mushya. Mu bwami wari inzira y'ubwiru; uyu munsi ni umunsi w'igihugu wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama.
Ubwiru ntibwari inkuru cyangwa igisigo cyo kwidagadura. Bwari nk'«itegeko nshinga ry'imihango»: bwagenaga uko ingoma ikora ibikorwa byayo bikomeye. Uturango twabwo:
Mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, inyandiko z'ubwiru zegeranyijwe n'abashakashatsi zishingiye ku byo abiru bavuze. Igitabo kizwi cyane ni icya Marcel d'Hertefelt na André Coupez, La royauté sacrée de l'ancien Rwanda (1964), gitanga amagambo y'inzira z'ubwiru mu Kinyarwanda n'ibisobanuro byayo.
Worked example
Urugero rwa 1: Kuva ku mwandiko ujya ku nshoza
Ikibazo: «Ukoresheje igika cya 4, garagaza uturango tubiri tw'ubwiru.»
Mu kizamini cya Kinyarwanda, ushobora gusabwa guhina umwandiko: kuwandika mu magambo make, ugumana ibitekerezo byawo by'ingenzi. Dore intambwe:
Worked example
Urugero rwa 2: Guhina «Umuganura wa sogokuru» mu magambo nka 80
Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi: (1) umuryango usangira umusaruro ku munsi w'umuganura; (2) inkomoko y'ijambo; (3) umuganura mu bwami; (4) ubwiru; (5) 1925; (6) 2011 n'uyu munsi; (7) isomo.
Ihinamwandiko: «Ku munsi w'umuganura, umuryango wa Gakwaya uhurira mu rugo rwe, ugasangira n'abaturanyi ibyo weje. Sogokuru asobanurira umwuzukuru we ko ijambo umuganura rikomoka kuri kuganura, gusogongera umusaruro mushya. Mu bwami, umuganura wari inzira y'ubwiru: amasaka n'uburo bya mbere byajyanwaga ibwami. Ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwawuciye mu 1925, usubizwaho mu 2011 nk'umunsi w'igihugu urangwa no gushima, gusangira no kwigira. Ineza asanga agaciro k'umusaruro kari mu kuwusangira.»
Igenzura: amagambo nka 80; ibitekerezo birindwi byose birimo; nta mvugo itaziguye; nta gitekerezo gishya cyongewemo.
Warning
Ntukitiranye ubwiru n'ibisigo nyabami. Byombi byari iby'ingoma kandi byafatwaga mu mutwe, ariko ibisigo byavugwaga mu ruhame bigamije gusingiza; ubwiru bwo bwari ibanga rigena imihango.
Mu ihinamwandiko, ntukandukure interuro z'umwandiko uko zakabaye kandi ntukongeremo ibitekerezo byawe: ibyo byombi bikuraho amanota.
Practice
Imyitozo
Tanga inshoza y'ubwiru n'iy'inzira y'ubwiru.
Vuga uturango dutatu tw'ubwiru.
Erekana ibihe bine by'amateka y'umuganura nk'uko bigaragara ku murongo w'ibihe.
Hindura iyi mvugo itaziguye mu mvugo iziguye ikwiye ihinamwandiko: Sogokuru ati: «Kera ntibihutiraga kurya umwero mushya.»
Kuki umuganura w'iki gihe utibanda ku buhinzi gusa?
Hina ibika bya 3 n'icya 4 by'umwandiko mu magambo atarenze 40.
«Umuganura ni umunsi w'ibiryo gusa.» Jora iyi mvugo mu nteruro nka munani, wifashishije umwandiko.
1. Ubwiru ni amategeko y'ibanga yagenaga imihango y'ingoma, akabikwa n'abiru. Inzira y'ubwiru ni umuhango umwe w'ubwiru ukurikiranye uko wagenwe, nk'inzira y'umuganura.
2. Ni ibanga rizwi n'abiru gusa; bufatwa mu mutwe uko bwakabaye; bugizwe n'inzira; bufite imvugo yihariye; bugamije gukomeza ingoma n'uburumbuke.
3. Mu bwami (inzira y'ubwiru); 1925 (ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni buwuca); 2011 (usubizwaho nk'umunsi w'igihugu); uyu munsi (ku wa Gatanu wa mbere wa Kanama).
4. Sogokuru avuga ko kera batihutiraga kurya umwero mushya.
5. Kubera ko uyu munsi wizihiza ibyo igihugu cyagezeho mu nzego zose, si mu buhinzi gusa; indangagaciro zawo (gushima, gusangira, kwigira) zireba umurimo wose.
6. Urugero: «Mu bwami, amasaka n'uburo bya mbere byajyanwaga ibwami, umwami akaganura, agashimira abahinzi. Uwo muhango wari inzira y'ubwiru, amategeko y'ibanga yabikwaga n'abiru.» (amagambo 33)
7. Igisubizo cyiza kigaragaza ko iyo mvugo ituzuye: umuganura ufite amateka (inzira y'ubwiru), ufite indangagaciro (gushima, gusangira, kwigira, ubumwe) kandi wizihiza ibyagezweho mu nzego zose; gihamya zivanwe mu bika bya 3, 6 na 7.
Ibyo kwibuka
Sources and credits
Umwandiko «Umuganura wa sogokuru», umurongo w'ibihe (SVG), ingero, imyitozo n'ibisubizo: Written by Ganzaa.
Igitabo cyavuzwe: Marcel d'Hertefelt na André Coupez, La royauté sacrée de l'ancien Rwanda: texte, traduction et commentaire de son rituel, Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, 1964 (cyavuzwe gusa, nta gice cyacyo cyandukuwe).
Ifoto: Harvest Celebration in Rwanda (Umuganura), Nibeza, Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0.
